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Ecology Liu
Biology FLASH! cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology | the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. |
| Biosphere | contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air, or atmosphere. |
| Species | a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produ t fertile offspring. |
| Populations | groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. |
| Communities | assemblages of different populations tht live together in a defined area |
| ecosystem | a collection of all the organisms that live in a particuar place, togethere with their nonliving, or physical, enviornment. |
| biome | a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
| autotrophs | use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into comlex organic molecules |
| producers | make their own food |
| photosynthesis | use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxides and water into wxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| chemosynthesis | when organisms use chemcal energy to produce carbohydrates |
| heterotrophs | organisms thta reply on other organisms for heir energy and food supply |
| consumers | synonym for heterotrophs |
| herbivores | obtainenergy by eating on ly plants |
| carnivores | eat animals |
| omnivores | eat both plants and animals |
| detritivores | feed on plants and animal remains and other dead matter, collectively called detritus |
| decomposers | breaks down organic matter |
| food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | the feeding rela6ionsshiops among the various organisms in an ecoystem form a nework of complex interactions. |
| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| ecological pyramid | a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained witin each trophic level in a fioood chain or food web |
| biomass | the toal amount of living tissue within a girven trophic level |
| biogeochemical jcycles | elements chemical compounds and other forms of matter pass from one organism to another |
| evaporation | process by whiuch water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas |
| transpiration | evaporation from the leavs of plants` |
| nutrients | all the chimical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
| nitrogen fixation | bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| dinitrification | bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
| weether | day to day conditions of earths atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| climate | the average, year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region |
| greenhouise efect | the natural situation in which heat is retained by yhis layer of greenhouse gases |
| biotic factors | biological influences on organisms withsn an ecosystem |
| abiotic factors | nonliving factors that shpae ecosystems |
| niche | full range of physical and biological conditions oni which an organis lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| exponential growth | when the individual in a population reproduce at a constant rate |
| logistid grrowth | occors when a population growth slows or stops following a peridos of wexponentioal grownth |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals that an ecosysten acan support |
| demography | examines the characteristics of hujan populations and attmepts to explain how thoe populations will change over time |
| demographic transition | a dramatic change in birth and death rates |
| green revolution | modern agricultural tecniques |
| renewable rsources | can regenerate if they are alive or can be replenished by biolochemical cycles if theh are nonliving |
| pollutant | a harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land air water |
| biodiversiy | the sum total of the genitically based variety of all orgnanisms in the biosphere |
| biological magnification | concentrations of a harmful substance increatse in organisms at ahigher trophic leveli in a foodhain or food web |
Created by:
imjustjk
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