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chp. 7 study guide

QuestionAnswer
Work of Hooke Discovered cells using a microscope
Cell Theory 1) All living things are composed of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3) New cells are produced from existing cells
Boundary of an animal cell Cell membrane
Proteins are assembled by organelles called ____ Ribosomes
The outer boundary of the plant cell is the _____ Cell wall
The center for energy production is the _____ Mitochondria
Which organelles are responsible for photosynthesis? Chloroplasts
What are organelles responsible for the digestion of old materials? Lysosomes
Work of Hooke Discovered cells using a microscope
Cell Theory 1) All living things are composed of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3) New cells are produced from existing cells
Boundary of an animal cell Cell membrane
Proteins are assembled by organelles called ____ Ribosomes
Only plant cells contain: Chloroplasts, cell walls, and large vacuoles
The outer boundary of the plant cell is the _____ Cell wall
The center for energy production is the _____ Mitochondria
Which organelles are responsible for photosynthesis? Chloroplasts
DNA is found in the nucleus as what? Chromosomes
What are organelles responsible for the digestion of old materials? Lysosomes
What are two structures are found inside the nucleus? Nucleolus and Chromosomes
A system of passageways for moving materials within the cell is Golgi
The pigment chlorophyll would be located in a _____ Chloroplast
Layers of lipids and proteins form a cell structure known as the Cell Membrane
The control center of the cell is the Nucleus
The cytoskeleton is made of ______ and _____ Microtubules and Microfilaments
Looks like a stack of pancakes Golgi Apparatus
Only plant cells contain: Chloroplasts, cell walls, and large vacuoles
True or False: The animal cell has cell wall. False
What is used to control the production of ribosomes? Nucleolus
What are folds in in the mitochondria? Cristae
What controls what enters and exits the nucleus through its pores? The nuclear envelope/membrane
What is the purpose of Cristae? To increase surface area
DNA is found in the nucleus as what? Chromosomes
What are two structures are found inside the nucleus? Nucleolus and Chromosomes
The pigment chlorophyll would be located in a _____ Chloroplast
Sac of digestive enzymes Lysosomes
The control center of the cell is the Nucleus
_____ ER is covered by ribosomes and transports substances to the Golgi apparatus Rough
Looks like a stack of pancakes Golgi Apparatus
The _____ ______ is found outside the cell membrane in plants and bacteria and provides support and protection Cell Wall
True or False: The animal cell has cell wall. False
An organism like a green plant that can make its own food Autotroph
What are folds in in the mitochondria? Cristae
These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP Mitochondria
What is the purpose of Cristae? To increase surface area
What is a small structure in a cell that performs a specific function? Organelle
Dark spot in the nucleus where RNA for ribsomes is made Nucleolus
Sac of digestive enzymes Lysosomes
_____ ER is covered by ribosomes and transports substances to the Golgi apparatus Rough
The _____ ______ is found outside the cell membrane in plants and bacteria and provides support and protection Cell Wall
An organism like a green plant that can make its own food Autotroph
These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP Mitochondria
The molecule used by cells to store genetic information DNA
An organism witha nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by membranes Eukaryote
The _____ is surrounded by a double membrane, contains the cells DNA, and acts as the control center. Nucleus
One or two long hair-like structures called ____ Flagella
Thylakoid sacs found inside a ___ are where photosynthesis happens in plant cells Chloroplast
Contains gel-like material and organelles Cytoplasm
_______ have a polar head and two non-polar tails and combine with proteins to make cell membranes Phospholipids
The folded inner membranes inside mitochondria Cristae
A ______ ______ looks like stacks of pancakes Golgi Body
A cell membrane is a ______ because the phospholipids line up in two rows to try and keep their hyrdrophobic tails away from water Bylayer
Surrounds all cells and is selectively permeable to control what enters and leaves the cell Cell Membrane
The function of ribosomes is to make Proteins
Which cells are eukaryotes? Plants and Animals
ER is an abbreviation for Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which ER does NOT have ribosomes attached? Smooth
Thylakoid sacs found inside a ___ are where photosynthesis happens in plant cells Chloroplast
_______ have a polar head and two non-polar tails and combine with proteins to make cell membranes Phospholipids
A ______ ______ looks like stacks of pancakes Golgi Body
Many short hair-like structures on the surface of a cell that help in movement Cilia
What kind of proteins stick into the cell membrane? Integral
Log like structures that appear during cell division in animal cells and pull the chromosomes apart Centrioles
Space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste Vacuole
_____ proteins stick to the outside or inside surface of a cell membrane Peripheral
An organism that CAN NOT make its own food and gets energy from eating other organisms Heterotroph
Programmed cell death for the good of the organism Apoptosis
A _______ is an organism like a bacterium with NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES Prokaryotes
Why is the cell considered an open system? Energy and matter enter and leave the cell.
Small stuctures that make proteins Ribosomes
Activities in the cell may change, which creates _______ Dynamic Equilibrium
An example of cells that are Prokaryotes Bacteria
______ ___________ describes any system in the bi
The ________ is made of microtubules and microfilaments in the cytoplasm which provide support and give the cell its shape Cytoskeleton
Molecule used by mitochondria to store energy ATP
Many short hair-like structures on the surface of a cell that help in movement Cilia
Log like structures that appear during cell division in animal cells and pull the chromosomes apart Centrioles
_____ proteins stick to the outside or inside surface of a cell membrane Peripheral
Programmed cell death for the good of the organism Apoptosis
Why is the cell considered an open system? Energy and matter enter and leave the cell.
Activities in the cell may change, which creates _______ Dynamic Equilibrium
______ ___________ describes any system in the biosphere that remains stable within fluctuating limits Dynamic Equilibrium
Iodine turns ____ in the presence of a starch Blue
Semi-permeable membranes allow ___ materials to enter and exit the cell Some
What is the function of the kidney? To remove toxins from the body
What happens during hemodialysis? The dializer removes wastes for the patient's blood
How long can dialysis patients spend away from the machine? No longer than 3 to 4 days
Are cells ABLE or UNABLE to maintain equilibrium in an isotonic solution? Able
In an isotonic solution, what must the amount of water molecules entering the cell be equal to? The amount of water molecules leaving the cell
In a hypertonic solution, there are more ____ molecules than water molecules Solute
In a hypotonic solution, there are more _____ molecules than solute molecules. Water
Turgor pressure occurs in ____ cells Plant
Lyse occurs in ____ cell Animal
What is the difference between Turgor Pressure and Lyse? Lyse is in animal cells, turgor pressure is in plants; both make plants swell—but lyse makes the animal cell burst. A plant cell cannot burst because the cell wall is in the way.
During plasmolysis a plant will ____ Wilt
Turgor pressure is reestablished during ____ Deplasmolysis
Water makes up ____% of plants 90%
The balance of life is known as ______ Equilibrium
What is the state of balance between opposing processes, resulting in stable condition? Equilibrium
Oxygen and carbon dioxde in humans can reach equilibrium through _______ Diffusion
Thermal energy has AN EFFECT or NO EFFECT on diffusion? AN EFFECT
The speed of diffusion increases as _______ _____ increases Thermal Energy
Does temperature have an effect on the equilibrium of the human body? Yes
In order to maintain equilibrium during cold weather, the human body must ___ metabolism. Increase
In order to maintain equilibrium during hot weather, the human body must ___ Sweat
Is a cell membrane selectively permeable or completely permeable? Semi
Does a cell membrane act more like a fluid or a solid? Why? A fluid because its molecules are constantly moving
What is a cell membrane's bilayer composed of? Phospholipids and Proteins
Substances produced in a cell and exported outside of the cell would pass through _______ ER and Golgi
Cell like muscle cells which require lots of energy would probably have many ______ Mitochondria
Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell wants to get rid of are broken down in ______ Lysosomes
Mitochondria store the energy released when they burn glucose as ATP
What is the structure that synthesize proteins in cells? Ribosomes
The organelle that makes steroids in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle cells, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the __________ Smooth ER
Vacuoles are _____ in plant cells than in animal cells Larger
Which organelles does the Endosymbiotic Theory suggest evolved from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells Chloroplasts and Cell Walls
2 characteristics of chromatin All DNA is uncoiled, seen when cell is not dividing
2 characteristics of chromosomes All DNA is super coiled, seen when cell is dividing
There are MANY, short _________; there are FEW, long______ cilia, flagella
Which scientist first viewed living organisms under the microscope? Leeuwenhoeuk
Which scientist concluded that all animals are composed of cells Schwann
Which scientist concluded all plant cells are composed of cells? Schielden
Unicellular organism is made of _______cell(s) One cell
Multicellular organism is made of ______cell(s) More than one cell
Boundary of an animal cell Cell membrane
What is the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes have no nulceus, Eukaryotes have a nuclues
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? Supports cell
Which two organelles are vital for energy in cells? Mitochondria and Lysosomes
What are the channelsa nd pumps in the membrane made of? Proteins and carbohydrtates
What is the path of diffusion? High to low or low to high? High to low
____ exerts pressure known as smooth pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane Osmosis
In _____ __________ cells can develop in different ways Cell specialization
What are examples of cell specialization? Red blood cells, pancreatic cells, and muscle cells
List the different types of tissue Muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective
What is tissue? A group of similar cells that perform a particular function
What are chromosomes? Threadlike strucures that contain genetic info
What is the function of nuclear pores? Allows material to move in anad out of the nucleus
Where is DNA found? Chromatin
What molecules need to move across the membrane through facilitated diffusion? Glucose
What are two functions of the nucleus? Contains nearly all DNA, control center of cell
What is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus? The cytoplasm
The _______ is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum
In what type of solution is the concentration of solutes the same inside and outside of the cell? Isotonic
In what type of solution is the solute concentration higher than the cell? Hypertonic
In what type of solution is the solute concentration lower than the cell? Hypotonic
What are the levels of organization ina multicellular organ? Individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ system
___ convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Mitochondira
Created by: jena_leigh
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