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Chapter 5 Note
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism? | cells, tissues, organs, and organ system |
| What is a tissue? | A group of similar cells that perform similar functions |
| What is an organ? | A group of tissue that work together to preform a specific function |
| What is an organ system? | A group of organs that work together to perform a certain function |
| What is the basic unit structure and function in living things | cell |
| All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells come from preexisting cells. | Cell theory |
| All cells are separated from their surroundings by | a cell membrane |
| The cell membrane is surrounded by (in organisms such as plants, algae, and bacteria) | cell wall |
| Part of a cell that is made up of RNA and proteins | nucleolus |
| the organelle that controls the cell's activities and contains DNA | nucleus |
| organism whose cells lack nuclei | Prokaryotes |
| Organism who cells contain nuclei | Eukaryotes |
| Contains the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells | chromosomes |
| Area between the nucleus and the cell membrane | Cytoplasm |
| The structures in the cytoplasm | organelles |
| Has a tiny structure that performs a specialized function in the cell | organelles |
| Organelle that changes the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use | Mitochondrion |
| Traps the energy of the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy | Chloroplasts |
| Structures in which proteins are made | ribosomes |
| transports material through the inside of the cell | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Organelle that that modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another | Golgi apparatus |
| Organelle that contain chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting certain material in the cell | lysosomes |
| Organelle that stores material such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates | Vacuoles |
| Organelles that stores good and pigments | Plastids |
| Is composed of a variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement | Cytoskeleton |
| The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration of the substance to areas of lower concentration | Diffusion |
| Lets some things in and is impermeable to other | selectively permeable |
| The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| The process by which many molecules are transported across a membrane in the direction of the lowest concentration by a carrier protein | Facilitated Diffusion |
| energy-requiring process that enables material to move across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | Active transport |
| One of the key characteristics of cells in multicellular organism | Cell specilization |
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