Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Test 3 Lecture Notes
141 Lecture Test 3 Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of tissues | histology |
| study of cells | cytology |
| group of cells similar in structure and function | tissues |
| name the 4 types of tissues | epithelium, connective, muscle and nerve tissues |
| cell division resulting in germ cells | meiosis |
| spermatozoan and oocyte | gametes |
| gametes are _________? | haploid |
| has half the number of chromosomes or only 1 set | haploid |
| the gamets from which parent do the organelles for the embryo come from? | mother |
| who gives embryo their mitochondrial DNA? | mother |
| cell division for all other cells | mitosis |
| 2 full sets of chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad) | diploid |
| fertilized egg "pre-embryonic" stage for 1st 2 weeks | zygote |
| glycoprotein "shell" surrounding the egg (oocyte) | zona pellucida |
| the human embryo must "hatch" from the _________ to implant in the uterus. | zona |
| a solid ball of cells | morula |
| type of cell division that produces spermatozoa or oocytes | meiosis |
| in a blastocyte, the outer most cells GIVE RISE to? | placenta |
| in a blastocyte, the outer most cells are known as? | trophoblasts |
| a glycoprotein "shell" that surrounds the early mammalian embryo is known as? | zona pellucida |
| for the oocyte, the outer glycoprotein "shell" is known as? | zona pellucida |
| a fertilized oocyte is known as the? | zygote |
| a condition in which a cell contains half the number of chromosomes as compared to somatic cells? | haploid |
| type of nuclear division in which the daughter cells have the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell | mitosis |
| once the oocyte is fertilized, what is the predominant form of cell division | mitosis |
| a type of cell division that produces regular diploid cells known as somatic cells? | mitosis |
| the gametes from which parent contributes the mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA | mother |
| for an embryo, the solid ball of cells (approx. 16 cells for humans) is known as? | morula |
| how many cells are in a human embryo at the morula stage? | 16 cells |
| appox. how old is a human embryo when it becomes a solid ball of cells? | 3 days |
| for an embryo, a hollow ball of cells is known as? | blastula |
| approx. how old is a human embryo when it becomes a hollow ball of cells? | 5 days |
| a term that indicates the ability of a cell to give rise to an entire organism | totipotent |
| a term that indicates the ability of a cell to give rise to many structures however, NOT the entire organism | multipotent |
| a condition in which a cell contains 2 full sets of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad | diploid |
| maternal dietary deficiencies in which compound increases the risk of spina bifida in the baby | folic acid or folate |
| elevated plasma levels of this protein may indicate NTD's | alpha fetoprotein (alpha fetal protein) |
| a term that means tissue death due to loss of blood flow is? | ischemic necrosis |
| a term that means loss of blood flow is? | ischemia |
| a term that means "tissue-death" is? | necrosis |
| a term that indicates a reduction in size | atrophy |
| a term that means an increase in size without an increase in the number of cells | hypertrophy |
| a term that describes an increase in the number of cells (due to increased cell division) | hyperplasia |
| smoking often changes the normal epithelium of the bronchi into which epithelial types | stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
| what is the normal epithelium tissue found in the bronchi? | pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue |
| the process by which the epithelium of the bronchi change from the normal pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous is known as? | metaplasia |
| what type of tissue comprises the epithelium of the vagina after puberty | stratified squamous epithelium |
| what type of tissue comprises the epithelium of the vagina before puberty | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| the process by which the pediatric vaginal epithelium changes from simple cuboidal to stratified squamous epithelium after puberty is called | metaplasia |
| a process by which one adult cell type changes to another adult cell type | metaplasia |
| the development of specialized function in non-specialized cells? | differentiation |
| a structure in which capillaries infiltrate a wound site to replace a clot | granulation tissue |
| the bodys response to cellular and tissue damage in which capillaries are dilated with accompanying swelling | inflammation |
| the replacement of damaged tissue with normal tissue is a process known as? | regeneration |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland | endoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to most of the glands | endoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the lungs | endoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the liver, pancreas, etc? | endoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the lining of the GI tract | endoderm |
| a term that refers to embryonic connective tissue is? | mesenchyme |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to mesenchyme | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the connective tissue | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the gonads | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the cortex of the adrenal gland | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the dermis of the skin | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the bones | mesoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the muscles | mesoderm |
| an anterior neural tube closer defect in which the cerebrum (brain) fails to develop resulting in the skull and the absence of most or all of the cerebral cortex | anencephaly |
| a posterior neural tube closure defect that may cause damage and may be indicated by a tuft of hair growing on the lower lumbar/sacral skin over the spinal cord is known as? | spina bifida occulta |
| a posterior neural tube closure defect in which the dura mater (NOT the spinal cord) is forced out of its normal position often resulting in a very large fluid filled sac on the babys spine | meningocele |
| a posterior neural tube closure defect in which the dura mater as well as the spinal cord are forced out of their normal position resulting in a very large fluid-filled sac on the babys spine is known as | myelomeningocele |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the posterior pituitary gland | ectoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the medulla of the adrenal gland | ectoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the epidermis of the skin | ectoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the sensory tissues | ectoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the central nervous system | ectoderm |
| which of the germ layers gives rise to the brain and spinal cord | ectoderm |
| approx. how old is the human embryo when it implants into the walls of the uterus | 6 days |
| at what stage of the embryonic development is the human embryo when it implants into the uterine wall | blastocyst |
| at what stage of embryonic development do the 3 germ layers develop | embryonic disc |
| in the blastocyst, what does the inner cell mass give rise to | embryo or embryo proper |
| in the blastocyst, the structure that gives rise to the embryo proper is the? | inner cell mass |
| in the blastocyst, what structure gives rise to the placenta | trophoblasts |
| malignant melanoma may be suspected if THESE suddenly change: shape, color or texture | moles |
| a benign vascular proliferation, a rather aggressive form of this disease is often seen with AIDs patients | kaposi sarcoma |
| a cancer originating from melanocytes in moles, this highly metastatic cancer can be lethal if untreated or treated too late | malignant melanoma |
| a type of carcinoma that originates from keratinocytes in stratum spinosum | squamous cell |
| squamous cell carcinoma is especially seen in areas exposed to? | sun-light |
| a type of carcinoma that originates from the stratum basale | basal cell |
| causes venereal warts | human papilloma virus |
| the most frequent skin carcinoma, usually cured with surgery | basal cell |
| basal cell carcinoma is especially seen in areas exposed to _________________? | sunlight |
| these skin growths are caused by viruses and are usually self limiting and regress spontaneously | warts |
| this compound is released by certain cells to cause hives | histamine |
| which type of cells release the compound that causes hives | mast cells |
| another term for hives or wheals | urticaria |
| patchy loss of pigment (loss of melanocytes in affected areas)? | vitiligo |
| common, self limiting viral disease caused by a poxvirus which produces lesions less that 4mm in length | molluscum contagiosum |
| staphlococcal (bacteria) infection especially seen in children.. causing a wet, purulent (with pus) growing scab | impetigo |
| acute inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by allergies, infections, drugs. May have red, oozing, crusted lesions | eczema |
| chronic skin condition caused by increased mitosis, increased keratin and silvery scales that may bleed if scraped off | psoriasis |
| a condition similar to heat exhaustion, however, the pt is unable to sweat allowing body temp to rise to potentially fatal levels | heat stroke |
| a condition that causes weakness, dizziness, headache, reduced bp and sweating due to overheating | heat exhaustion |
| a term that indicates tissue death is? | necrosis |
| necrotic lesions in the dermis caused by blockage of blood flow. seen in bed-ridden pts | decubitus ulcers |
| this type of burn reaches the hypodermis | third degree |
| this type of burn reaches the dermis | second degree |
| another name for thinning of the hair or baldness is? | alopecia |
| what type of burn involves only the epidermis | first degree |
| a condition in which excessive hair growth is observed in areas not usually hairy in women and children | hirsutism |
| smooth muscle that attaches to the hair sheath which causes goose bumps | piloerector |
| dark, course hair found on the scapl, eyelashes, axilla and pubic regions is known as? | terminal |
| a type of very fine hair found on babies and women | vellus |
| a term that indicates the loss of blood flow | ischemia |
| a type of very fine hair found on the fetus | lanugo |
| another name for hair is? | pili or pilus |
| the oil produced by the oil glands of the skin is known as? | sebum |
| the oil glands of the skin are known as? | sebaceous glands |
| glands that produce milk for babies are known as? | mammary glands |
| the wax produced by the wax-producing glands of the external auditory canal is known as? | cerumen |
| the wax-producing glands of the external auditory canal | ceruminous |
| specialized sweat glands in the axillae and groin are known as ________ glands | apocrine |
| pronounced, visible sweating as seen in various diseases is referred to as? | diaphoresis |
| another name for merocrine | eccrine |
| a type of sweat gland that produces a watery sweat for evaporative cooling | merocrine |
| the most numerous glands in the skin are? | merocrine |
| another name for sweat glands is? | sudoriferous |
| which layer contains the subcutaneous fat | hypodermis |
| which layer just deep to the skin | hypodermis |
| found in the dermis and other locations, these receptors are for deep pressure, stretching of the skin and joint movement | ruffini corpuscles |
| which of the following are "touch" receptors usually located deep in the dermis | pacinlan corpuscles |
| which of the following are "light" touch receptors usually located at the epidermal/dermal junction of the skin | merkel cells/discs |
Created by:
eacirillo
Popular Science sets