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Biology Ch. 6-Lytle
Lytle Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
acid | substance that releases hydrogen ions(H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7 |
activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
amino acid | carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins |
atom | building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons |
base | substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7 |
buffer | a mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range |
carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two atoms for each carbon atom |
catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy |
chemical reaction | energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances. |
compound | pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine |
covalent bond | type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
electron | negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus |
element | pure substance composed of only one type of atom;cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means |
enzyme | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
hydrogen bond | weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen fluorine or nitrogen atom |
ion | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
ionic bond | electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
isotope | two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons |
lipid | hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen;fats, oils,and waxes are lipids |
macromolecule | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. |
mixture | combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics;can have a uniform composition(homogeneous)or have distinct areas of substances(heterogeneous) |
molecule | compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds. |
neutron | particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus |
nucleic acid | complex macromolecule that sores and communicates genetic information |
nucleus | center of an atom;contains neutrons and protons.in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
nucleotide | a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
pH | measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solutions |
polar molecule | molecule with oppositely charged regions |
polymer | large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
product | substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
protein | organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds;primary building block of organisms |
proton | positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
reactant | substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
solute | substance disolved in a solvent |
solution | homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent) |
solvent | substance in which another substance is dissolved |
substrate | reactant to which an enzyme binds |
van der Waals force | attraction forces between molecules |