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Chapter 4,5,6.
Healthy Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Digestion: Role of salivary | contains amylase enzymes which start breaking down amylose and amylopectin |
| Monosaccharides are | building blocks of carbohydrates, are single 5 sided structures, examples: glucose, fructose, galactose |
| Key functions of Carbohydrates | are found primarily in plant-based foods and are key source of energy for body |
| Where do Carbohydrates come from? | Plants are the primary producers because they go through photosynthesis |
| Disaccharides are | Formed from two monosaccharides, example-Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose |
| Polysaccharides are | chains of simple sugars, it is starch, fiber, and glycogen, complex carbohydrates, consists of amylose and amylopectin |
| Starch is | the storage form in plants, it's structure is a long chain with no branching |
| Amylose | straight chains of glucose units |
| Amylopectin | branched chains of glucose units |
| Pancreatic amylase | Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives. |
| What form of carbohydrates are absorbed? | Monosaccharides |
| Importance of glycogen | serves as the storage form of glucose that is not immediately needed by the body. |
| Glycemic index (GI) | ranks foods' effects on blood glucose compared with equal amount of pure glucose |
| Glycemic Load (GL) | adjusts GI to take into account the amount of carbohydrates consumed |
| Triglycerides | three fatty acids connected to glycerol "backbone" |
| Saturated Fat | all carbons bonded to hydrogen |
| Unsaturated fat | one or more double bond between carbons (less saturated with hydrogen) |
| Trans fat | are synthetically produced, unnatural fats |
| When a meal is consumed the blood glucose levels | are high |
| when blood glucose levels are high.... hormone is produced from the ..... | insulin, pancreas |
| When blood glucose levels are low....hormone is produced from the ..... | glucagon, pancreas |
| ...is the storage molecule for glucose. It is made in the.... and .... | glycogen, liver, muscle |
| in response to insulin the liver.....glycogen | stores (or makes) |
| In response to glucagon the liver.....glycogen | breaks down |
| the overall effect of insulin is to ....blood sugar levels | lower |
| the overall effect of glucagon is to....blood sugar levels | raise |
| The......tells you how much a specific carbohydrate will affect your blood sugar | glycemic index or glycemic load |
| the two organs important for regulating blood glucose are the...and the ... | liver and pancreas |
| cells take up glucose from the blood when the....hormone is produced | insulin |
| the ....is the organ responsible for regulating blood sugar levels | pancreas (or liver) |
| if the body does not produce insulin then the blood sugar levels will always be | high |
| normal blood glucose levels should be between...and...mg/dl | 70-99 |
| Foods with a high glycemic index elicit a ... release of insulin | high (or fast or large) |
| the simple sugars are made of two categories or carbs, the ....and .... | monosaccharides and polysaccharides |
| three types of monosaccharides are ..... | glucose,fructose, and galactose |
| the disaccharide sucrose if made of | glucose & fructose |
| two major types of starch are | amylose and amylopectin |
| starch is the major glucose storage molecule in...., while ... is the major glucose storage in animals | plants , glycogen |
| the enzyme that digests starch in the mounth is called.... | salivary amylase |
| the enzyme that digests it in the pancreas is called | pancreatic amylase |
| ....and .... must be transported to the...to be converted into glucose before the body can use them for energy | fructose, galactose, liver |
| ....is a polysaccharide that cannot be digested by the body.... | cellulose (or fiber) |
| the recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates are...g/day for adults | 130 |
| The adequate intake of fiber for women is ... and for men it is .... | 25 g/day...38 g/day |
| Polysaccharides cannot be absorbed in the small intestine, they must be digested to ...in order to be absorbed | monosaccharides |
| Digestion of starch does not occur in the stomach because or its....environment | acidic |
| Phospholipids | have glycerol backbone but two fatty acids and a phosphorus group |
| Sgerols | are comprised mainly of four connecting rings or carbon and hydrogen |
| Chylomicrons | carry digested fat through lymph into bloodstream |
| Very Low-Density lipoproteins | deliver fat made in liver to cells |
| Low density lipoproteins | bad cholesterol deposit cholesterol on walls of arteries |
| high density lipoproteins | remove cholesterol from body and deliver to liver for excreation |
| Atherosclerosis | narrowing of arteries due to build up of plaque |
| Proteins | are the predominant structural and functional materials in every cell |
| Denaturation | the alteration (unfolding)of a protein's shape, which changes the structure and function of the protein |
| DNA | in the cell nucleus contains instructions for protein synthesis |
| Essential amino acids | cannot be made by the body and it is essential to obtain them from the diet |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
| What happens to the excess proteins in the body? | the liver uses the proteins to make new proteins, glucose, or for other purposes and the rest are sent back to the blood stream to be used |
Created by:
carraig
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