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Ch 7 Bio Vocab

Word:Definition:
1. Cellular respiration: The process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide.
2. Anaerobic: Describes a process that does not require oxygen.
3. Aerobic respiration: The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
4. Glycolysis: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP.
5. Fermentation: The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen.
6. Krebs cycle: A series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy.
7. Cristae (Crista): The folds in the inner membrane that contain proteins that carry out energy-harvesting chemical reactions.
8. Glucose: A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
9. ATP: (Adenosine triphosphate) A nucleotide that is the major source of energy for cellular reactions.
10. Carbohydrate: Any part of a large group of compounds (including sugars, starch, and cellulose) which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and can be broken down to release energy in the body.
11. Mitochondria: Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP.
12. Electron Transport Chain: A series of molecules, found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane.
Created by: Alysa
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