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SI chap. 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Developmental psychology | studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life span |
| zygotes | the fertilized egg; conception to 2 weeks |
| embryo | developing human organism; 2 weeks to 9 weeks |
| fetus | developing human organism; 9 weeks to birth |
| teratogens | harmful agents that can reach the embryo or fetus |
| maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior |
| cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication |
| schema | a concept or framework |
| assimilation | interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schema |
| accommodation | adapting our current understanding to incorporate new information |
| Piaget's theory | 4 stages: sensorimotor stage, preoperational, concrete, and formal |
| Sensorimotor | Piaget: infants learn in terms of their senses (0-2) |
| object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when out of sight |
| preoperational | Piaget: child learns to use language but does not comprehend concrete logic (2-7) |
| egocentrism | child has difficulty taking another's point of view |
| concrete operational | Piaget: child gains mental operations and are able to think logically (7-11) |
| formal operational | Piaget: stage of cognitive development where people can think about abstract concepts (11+) |
| attachment | emotional tie with another person |
| critical periods | optimal period when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produce proper development |
| self-concept | our understanding and evaluation of who we are |
| adolescence | period from childhood to adulthood |
| puberty | period of sexual maturation |
| primary sex characteristics | reproductive organs and external genitalia |
| secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive traits such as hips and facial hair |
| menarche | first menstrual period |
| Kohlberg theory | Moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, postconvential |
| Erikson's stages | Psychosocial development: 8 stages |
| identity | our sense of self |
| social identity | our self concept that comes from our group membership |
| emerging adulthood | period from late teens to early twenties that bridges the gap from dependence to full independence |
| cross-sectional study | people of different are compared with one another |
| longitudinal study | same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
| crystallized intelligence | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with age |
| fluid intelligence | ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases during late adulthood |
| social clock | culturally preferred timing of social events (marriage, parenthood, retirement) |
Created by:
cfranci2
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