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Earth's Physical
plater tectonics, Magnetic Field, earthquakes, mountain, volcanoes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the evidence Wegener used to develop his theory of plate tectonics? | - coast lines of Africa and South America fit - fossils match across the seas -ancient climates different - |
| divergent plate | ocean ridges, rift valley, |
| divergent plate volcanism | East African Rift, Indian ridge, Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| convergent plate volcanism | island arc, continental volcanic arc, oceanic trench |
| convergent plate boundary | Andes, Alps, Aluetian Arc |
| transform plate boundary | San Andreas |
| oceanic- continental convergence | the "wet" rock melts at lower temperature at 100km partial melting which mixes with molten rock, produces continental volcanic arcs |
| oceanic-oceanic convergence | island arcs |
| continental- continental convergence | mountains |
| 1. Describe the wave characteristics of a tsunami, including the cause and what happens as one approaches the shore. | results from the vertical displacement during an earthquake or an underwater landslide travels at speeds of 300 to 600 m/h rapid withdrawal |
| surface waves | travel on the outerlayer |
| body waves | primary and secondary |
| primary waves | push and pull compression expand |
| secondary waves | moves at right angles |
| What is the role of the magnetosphere in deflecting electrically-charged particles and producing polar auroras? | the magnetic field disperses the solar winds. |
| What is the probable source of Earth's magnetic field? | Earths rotation causes the molten core to rotate. the rotating core generates the magnetic field |
| Briefly describe the pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic field over time, and what evidence do we have for this change? | Over time the magnetic field has reversed as in demonstrated by the changing magnetic paths on the sea floor |
| How did those ocean remains get to the top of a mountain? | originally the top of the mountain was on the sea floor and was pushed up during the mountain building |
| intraplate volcanism | ocean and oceanic crust, continental hot springs |
| normal fault | hanging wall block moves down relative to footwall |
| reverse fault | hanging wall block moves up relatie to footwall block, dip greater that 45 |
| thrust fault | hanging wall blocks moes up relative to footwall dip less than 45 degree subduction zones |
| strike slip fault | horizontal displacement |
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