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Nursing 4 Exam 1
Pituitary Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the pituitary gland located? | at the base of the brain in the sella turcica aka: "turkish saddle" |
| What is the pituitary gland also known as? | "master gland" |
| How big is the pituitary gland? | size of a pea |
| What is the pituitary gland influenced by? | hypothalamus |
| What does the pituitary gland do? | promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by the kidney and controls sexual development and function |
| How many parts is the pituitary gland divided into? | two |
| What are the parts that the pituitary gland are divided into? | anterior and posterior |
| what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland? | adenohypophysis |
| What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland? | Neurohypophysis |
| What is the anterior lobe's(adenohypophysis) function? | control growth, metabolism and sexual development |
| What is the posterior lobe's (neurohypophysis) function? | releases hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus |
| What hormones does the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) produce? | Somatotrophic growth stimulating hormone, Prolactin(PRL), TSH, Adrenocorticotropic(ACTH), FSH, LH |
| What hormones do the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)put into the body? | Vasopressin and ADH |
| What disorders are there of the anterior pituitary gland? | Hypofunction and Hyperfunction |
| What disorders are there of the posterior pituitary gland? | SIADH(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) and Diabetes Insipidus |
| What are two different categories that the disorders of the anterior pituitary gland labeled as? | primary(coming from gland itself) and secondary(coming from hypothalamus) |
| What are the Gonadotrophic hormones? | LH and FSH |
| What is Panhypopituitarism? | (rare)aka: "pituitary dwarfism", growth hormone deficiency refers to abnormally short height in childhood due to the lack of growth hormone |
| decreased ACTH and/or TSH is... | most serious |
| decreased LH and FSH.... | results in sterility, infertility, amenorrhea, delayed puberty, ovarian failure |
| decreased GH.... | results in delayed growth in children and fragile bones in adults |
| Gigantism? | rapid growth of long bones that occurs before puberty |
| symptoms of gigantism? | tall stature, mild to moderate obesity(common), macrocephaly, soft tissue hypertrophy, exaggerated growth of hands and feet w/thick fingers and toes, coarse facial features |
| acromegaly? | growth hormone hypersecretion where the bone and connective tissue continue to grow resulting in enlargement of face, hands and feet that occurs after puberty |
| Acromegaly can cause? | snoring, sleep apnea, carpal tunnel, and deepening of the voice |
| Acromegaly is... | a slow increase in bone thickness, hypertrophy of skin and organs |
| growth hormone is an.... | insulin antagonist |
| symptoms of acromegaly... | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| hypopituitary assessment... | physical exam, direct measurement of pituitary hormone, MRI/CT (head) |
| symptoms of hypopituitarism... | h/a, confusion, visual changes, anosmia**hallmark sign**(lack of smell) |
| hypopituitary interventions... | testosterone(IM or transdermal)-men, estrogen and progesterone-women, GH injections, clomid and hCG for pregnancy |
| causes of hypopituitarism? | tumors**main cause**, surgery, radiation, infarction, metatastic disease, trauma(head), congenital defects |
| function impairment precipitated by... | severe malnutrition, rapid body fat loss, sheehan's syndrome |
| sheehan's syndrome... | postpartum condition of pituitary necrosis(postpartum hemorrhage) |
| causes of hyperpituitarism? | a GH oversecretion usually from a pituitary tumor or hypothalmic dysfunction |
| disorders of hyperpituitarism? | gigantism and acromegaly |
| hyperpituitary assessment... | clincal manifestations, psychosocial, lab tests(serum hormone levels,increased GH), CT/MRI |
| clinical manifestations of hyperpituitarism? | diabetes, increased hands,feet and lips, coarsening of skin, heart failure, sleep apnea |
| hyperpituitary treatments... | drugs(sandostatin-results shown in 5-10yrs), radiation(takes a long time-risk of eye damage), surgery(removal of tumor), hypophosectomy(removal of pituitary gland), craniotomy(rarely done) |
| Post op care for patient after hypophosectomy or transsphenoidal hypophysectomy... | head of bed elevated at least 30 degrees, nasal packing after 2-3 days, no coughing, sneezing, straining, brushing teeth or bending forward for 2 wks after |
Created by:
jbittner
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