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microtest1.0
CU microbiology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| types of microscopes | 1 brightfield 2 darkfield 3 ultraviolet 4 electron microscope |
| brightfield microscope | regular microscope |
| Darkfield microscope | bacteria always alive everything is dark but organism on plate useful for only size and shape of organism |
| Gram stain | Crystal violet as primary stain Gram's iodine as mordant ethyl alcohol as decolorizer safranin as secondary stain |
| Acid Fast | Carbol fuschal as primary stain acid alcohol as decolorizer acid fast cells are characerized by mycolic acid in their cell walls methyl blue as secondary color |
| Microbiology is the study of .... | bacteria, mold, yeast, fungi, and viruses |
| He disproved spontaneous generation and created these three things | Louis Pasture anthrax vaccine rabies vaccine pasturization |
| This man studied under pasture and 1. created this to view bacteria easier or at all 2. his postulates | Koch he created gelatin koch's postulates 1 find 2 isolate 3 inoculate 4 repeat |
| bacteria is defined as??? what are four characteristics of bacteria | bacteria is defined as any procaryote that doesn't have chlorophyle A characteristics: unicellular, microscopic, reproduce by binary fission, have a rigid cell wall |
| The first people to study baceria were | botanists |
| Coccus/cocci | mean round or spherical |
| Bracillius | mean rod shaped |
| Spirals | spiral shaped |
| Flagella do what? | act in propulsion |
| three types of flagella | peritrichious flagella monotrichious flagella lopotrichious flagella |
| peritrichious flagella | have a perimeter of flagella .... all around the organism |
| monotrichious flagella | have one one flagella |
| lopotrichious flagella | have more than one flagella |
| slime layer or capsule | made of starch enables parasite to attach to host holds food holds waste |
| phototrophs | energy from light carbon from CO2 |
| Chemotrophs | Achieve energy and carbon from chemicals |
| autotrophs | carbon from CO2 energy from inorganic chemicals |
| Heterotrophs | Carbon and Energy from organic chemicals |
| saphrophyte | energy from nonliving organic matter |
| parasite | an organism that feeds off of a host |
| fastidious *** | particular requirements for food |
| nonfastidious *** | adaptable |
| Types of media | selective, differential and enrichment |
| selective media | media is specified for one organism mannitol salt augar |
| differential media | you get color difference between different bacteria. Mannitol salt and deoxycholate agars |
| Enrichment media | has specific nutriens that cultivate a better enviornment for one organism than another |
| Temperature conditions that allow different organisms to grow | Psychophile, mesophile, thermophile |
| psychophile | below 25 C optimum at 20 C |
| Mesophile | Between 25 C and 45 C optimum at 35 C |
| Thermophile | above 45 C optimum at 55 C |
| aerobic | need Oxygen |
| Anaerobic | cant have Oxygen |
| Facultatively anaerobic | can grow with or without Oxygen |
| methods to achieve anaerobic | Brewer jar, brewer plate, and Sodium Thioglycate |
| Methods of obtaining a pure culture | streak plate, |
| culture preservation | can either; transfer, refrigerate, lyophize (freeze dry - kill), freeze in liquid Nitrogen |
| culture mophology in a broth | turbid, settled, pellicle |
| turbid broth | cloudy throughout |
| settled | seddiment at the bottom |
| pellicle | film at the top |
| when you stain always ..... | gram stain and based off of that you choose what other stain to use |
| Anabolism | synthesis of large molecules, uses energy |
| Catabolism | breakdown of large molecules, releases energy |
| Homofermentative | one product durring catabolism that makes glucose into lactic acid |
| heterofermentative | multiple products, glucose into oxygen and eththyle? |
| what is a generation time | the time it takes for a population to double |
| escherichia coli's generation time is | 30 min |
| what are the five phases cell growth () the almost bell curve | 1: lag 2: log phase (x2 every generation) 3: stationary (number of dying = producing) 4: death phase 5: survival phase..... some baceria are hard to kill. |
| Enumeration | used to count cells |
| Direct microscope count, advantages and disadvantages | Advantages: Quick, can tell # of cells in a clump,, suitable for high populations Disadvantages: not for low populations, counts dead cells as with living |
| standard plate count, Advantages and disadvantages | Advantages: counts onlyliving cells, sutable for low cell populations Disadvantages: Long time to get results, cannot distinguish between single cells and clumps |
| turbitiy | cloudyness of a broth culture, |
| Mutation | chemical change in DNA or structural change in DNA |
| Recombination | Transformation: Conjugation: Transduction |
| Transformation | transfer of DNA by diffusion. Dead cell > cell > new compound |
| Conjugation | transfer pf DNA from 1 cell to another by cell contact |
| Transduction | transfer of DNA by a virus |
| A virus will not be produced without | killing a cell |
| Prototroph | normal .... wild type.... able to synthesize |
| Auxotroph | mutant... requires a nutrient .... unable to synthesize from any ingredients in medium |
| A minimal medium | doesn't contain the nutrient required by an auxotroph .... but a prototroph is fine |
| a complete medium | both auxotrophs and prototrophs can grow |
| Ames test tests for what | carcinogens |
| in the taxonomy classification system..... you can always tell a class by this ending. | -mycetes |
| in the taxonomy classification system..... you can always tell a order by this ending. | -ales |
| in the taxonomy classification system..... you can always tell a family by this ending. | -aceae |
| dont forget about variety and strain | look at diagram of a cell... know seven types.... yee haw!!!!!!1 |
| what is the spectophotometric | used in turbidity to calculate the absorbance of light through a broth culture |
Created by:
jseekins
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