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Neuro PP Clues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System | Brain & Spinal Cord; oligodendrocytes |
| Peripheral Nervous System | All except brain/spinal cord; Schwann Cells |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Automatic stuff |
| Somatic Nervous System | Moving your muscles |
| Parasympathetic System | Rest-and-Digest; slows stuff down |
| How does the Parasympathetic system behave? | "DUMBBELS": Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis (constrict), Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Erection (point), Lacrimation, Salivation |
| Sympathetic System | Fight-or-Flight; speeds stuff up |
| How does the Sympathetic system behave? | Opposite of Parasympathetics: Constipation, Urinary Retention, Mydriasis (eyes wide with fright), Tachycardia, Bronchodilation, Ejaculation (shoot), Xeropthalmia (dry eyes), Xerostomia (dry mouth) |
| Cushing's Triad | HTN, Bradycardia, Irregular breathing |
| Budd-Chiari | Hepatic vein obstruction |
| Dandy Walker malformation | No cerebellum; Distended 4th/lateral ventricles |
| Anencephaly | Notochord did not make contact w/ brain; only have medulla |
| Encephalocele | Brain tissue herniation |
| Arnold-Chiari malformation | Herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum; TYPE I - cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic); TYPE II - cerebellar vermis/medulla, hydrocephalus, syringomyelia (loss of pain/temp) |
| Spina bifida occulta | Covered by skin w/ tuft of hair |
| Spina bifida aperta | Has an opening (high AFP) |
| Meningocele | Sacral pocket w/ meninges in it |
| Meningomyelocele | Sacral pocket w/ meninges and nerves in it |
| Open-Angle Glaucoma | Overproduction of fluid; Painless ipsilateral dilated pupil; Gradual tunnel vision; Optic disc cupping |
| Closed-Angle Glaucoma | Obstruction of canal of Schlemm; Sudden onset; Pain; Emergency |
| What are the watershed areas? | Hippocampus; Splenic flexure |
| What bug loves the frontal lobe? | Rubella |
| What bug loves the temporal lobe? | HSV |
| What bug loves the parietal lobe? | Toxoplasma |
| What bug loves the hippocampus? | Rabies |
| What bug loves the posterior fossa? | TB |
| What bug loves the DCML tract? | Treponema |
| How do migraines present? | Aura, Photophobia, Numbness & tingling, Throbbing HA, Nausea |
| How do tension HA present? | "band-like" pain starts in posterior neck; worse as day progresses; sleep disturbance |
| How do cluster HA present? | Rhinorrhea, Unilateral orbital pain, Suicidal, Facial flushing, Worse when lying down |
| How does temporal arteritis present? | Pain with chewing; Blind in one eye (emergency) |
| How does trigeminal neuralgia present? | Sharp, shooting face pain |
| 2 kinds of Partial Seizures | Simple (aware); Complex (not aware) |
| 3 kinds of Generalized Seizures | Tonic-clonic (grand mal); Absence (petit mal); Status epilepticus |
| Epidural Hematoma | Intermittent consciousness, "lucid interval" |
| Subdural Hematoma | HA 4wks after trauma; Elderly (loose brain) |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | "worst HA of my life"; hx of berry aneurysm |
| Astrocytoma | Rosenthal fibers; #1 in kids w/ occipital HA |
| Ependymoma | Rosettes, in 4th ventricle, Hydrocephalus |
| Craniopharyngioma | "motor oil biopsy", Tooth enamel, Rathke's pouch, ADH problem, Bitemporal hemorrhage |
| Hemangioblastoma | Cerebellum, Von-Hippel-Lindau |
| Medulloblastoma | Pseudorosettes, Compresses brain, Early morning vomiting |
| Meningioma | Parasagittal, Psammoma bodies, Whorling pattern, Best prognosis |
| Which cancers metastasize to the brain? | Lung, Breast, Skin (see mets at the white-grey junction) |
| Oligodendroglioma | Fried egg appearance, Nodular calcification |
| Pinealoma | Loss of upward gaze, Loss of circadian rhythms, Precocious puberty |
| Schwannoma | CN8 tumor, Unilateral deafness |
| Neurofibromatosis | Cafe Au Lait Spots (hyperpigmentation), Peripheral Nerve Tumors, Axillary Freckles |
| Neurofibromatosis TYPE I | Von Recklinghausen's; Peripheral; Chrom 17; Optic glioma; Lisch nodules; Scoliosis |
| Neurofibromatosis TYPE II | Acoustic Neuroma; Central; Chrom 22; Cataracts; Bilateral deafness |
| Sturge-Weber | Port wine stain (big purple spot) on forehead; Angioma of retina |
| Tuberous Sclerosis | Ashen leaf spots (hypopigmentation); Primary brain tumors; Rhabdomyolysis of heart; Renal cell Cancer; Shagreen spots (leathery) |
Created by:
clbaca
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