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VidebeckVocabulary1
Mental Health Promotion Module 1 Videbeck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 12 step program | based on the philosophy that total abstinence is essential and that alcoholics need the help and support of others to maintain sobriety |
| abuse | the wrongful use and maltreatment of another person |
| affect | the outward expression of the client’s emotional state |
| agoraphobia | fear of being outside; from the Greek fear of the marketplace |
| akathisia | intense need to move about; characterized by restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still, and the client’s re-port of inner restlessness |
| anhedonia | having no pleasure or joy in life; losing any sense of pleasure from activities formerly enjoyed |
| anorexia | an eating disorder characterized by the client’s refusal or inability to maintain a minimally normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, signifi-cantly disturbed perception of the shape or size of the body, and steadfast inability |
| anxiety | a vague feeling of dread or apprehension; it is a response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emo-tional, cognitive, and physical symptom |
| anxiety disorders | a group of conditions that share a key feature of excessive anxiety, with ensuing behavioral, emotional, cog-nitive, and physiologic responses |
| automatism | repeated, seemingly purposeless behaviors often in-dicative of anxiety, such as drumming fingers, twisting locks of hair, or tapping the foot; unconscious mannerism |
| behaviorism | a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes. It does not attempt to explain how the mind works. |
| blackout | an episode during which the person continues to func-tion but has no conscious awareness of his or her behavior at the time nor any later memory of the behavior; usually associ-ated with alcohol consumption |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes (at least twice a week for 3 months) of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain such as purging (self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas |
| character | consists of concepts about the self and the external world |
| codependence | a maladaptive coping pattern on the part of fam-ily members or others that results from a prolonged relation-ship with the person who uses substances |
| cognitive therapy | focuses on immediate thought processing; how a person perceives or interprets his or her experience and determines how he or she feels and behaves |
| compulsions | ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously in an attempt to neu-tralize anxiety |
| confabulation | clients may make up answers to fill in memory gaps; usually associated with organic brain problems |
| confidentiality | respecting the client’s right to keep private any information about his or her mental and physical health and related care |
| congruence | occurs when words and actions match |
| defense mechanisms | cognitive distortions that a person uses unconsciously to maintain a sense of being in control of a situ-ation, to lessen discomfort, and to deal with stress; also called ego defense mechanisms |
| delirium | a syndrome that involves a disturbance of conscious-ness accompanied by a change in cognition |
| delusion | a fixed, false belief not based in reality |
| dementia | a mental disorder that involves multiple cognitive deficits, initially involving memory impairment with progres-sive deterioration that includes all cognitive functioning |
| denial | defense mechanism; clients may deny directly having any problems or may minimize the extent of problems or actual substance use |
| detoxification | the process of safely withdrawing from a substance |
| diagnostic axes | the five axes that comprise diagnosis under DSM-IV-TR criteria; include major mental illnesses, mental retardation or personality disorders, medical illnesses, psy-chosocial stressors, and global assessment of functioning (GAF) |
| diagnostics and statistics manual (DSM-IV-TR) | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders taxonomy published by the APA; the DSM-IV-TR describes all mental disorders and outlines specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research |
| dual diagnosis | the client with both substance abuse and another psychiatric illness |
| dystonia | extrapyramidal side effect to antipsychotic medication; includes acute muscular rigidity and cramping, a stiff or thick tongue with difficulty swallowing, and, in severe cases, laryn-gospasm and respiratory difficulties; also called dystonic reactions |
| dysphoric | mood that involves unhappiness, restlessness, and malaise |
| echolalia | repetition or imitation of what someone else says; echoing what is heard |
| echopraxia | imitation of the movements and gestures of some-one an individual is observing |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | used to treat depression in select groups such as clients who do not respond to antide-pressants or those who experience intolerable medication side effects at therapeutic doses |
| extrapyramidal side effects | reversible movement disorders induced by antipsychotic or neuroleptic medication |
| flat affect | showing no facial expression |
| flight of ideas | excessive amount and rate of speech composed of fragmented or unrelated ideas; racing, often unconnected, thoughts |
| enmeshment | lack of clear role boundaries between persons |
| hallucinations | false sensory perceptions or perceptual experi-ences that do not really exist |
| ideas of reference | client’s inaccurate interpretation that general events are personally directed to him or her, such as hearing a speech on the news and believing the message has personal meaning |
| insight | the ability to understand the true nature of one’s situation and accept some personal responsibility for that situation |
| process | in communication, denotes all nonverbal messages that the speaker uses to give meaning and context to the message |
| judgment | refers to the ability to interpret one’s environment and situation correctly and to adapt one’s behavior and decisions accordingly |
| kindling process | the snowball-like effect seen when minor sei-zure activity seems to build up into more frequent and severe seizures |
| labile | rapidly changing or fluctuating, such as someone’s mood or emotions |
| limit-setting | an effective technique that involves three steps: stating the behavioral limit (describing the unacceptable be-havior), identifying the consequences if the limit is exceeded, and identifying the expected or desired behavior |
| loose associations | disorganized thinking that jumps from one idea to another with little or no evident relation between the thoughts |
| mania | a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable |
| mental health | a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying relationships, effective behav-ior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability |
| mental disorder | defined by DSM-IV,clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern and is associated with present distress (a painful symptom) or disability (impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) |
| milieu therapy | the concept involves clients’ interactions with one another, that is, practicing interpersonal relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and work-ing cooperatively as a group to solve day-to-day problems |
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome(NMS) | a potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reaction to an antipsychotic (or neuroleptic) drug |
| neuroleptics | antipsychotic medications |
| neurotransmitter | the chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body |
| obsessions | recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function |
| obsessive–compulsive personality disorder | characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, and orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency |
| paranoid personality disorder | characterized by pervasive mis-trust and suspiciousness of others |
| personal zone | space of 18 to 36 inches; a comfortable distance between family and friends who are talking |
| personality disorders | diagnosed when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive and significantly interfere with how a person functions in society or cause the person emotional distress |
| phobia | an illogical, intense, and persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and in-terferes with normal functioning |
| wernicke's syndrome | Encephalopathy associated with thiamine deficiency; usually associated with chronic alcoholism or other causes of severe malnutrition. |
| pressured speech | unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses |
| psychomotor retardation | overall slowed movements; a general slowing of all movements; slow cognitive processing and slow verbal interaction |
| psychosis | cluster of symptoms including delusions, hallucina-tions, and grossly disordered thinking and behavior |
| psychosomatic | used to convey the connection between the mind(psyche)and the body(soma)in states of health and illness |
| psychotropic drugs | drugs that affect mood, behavior, and think-ing that are used to treat mental illness |
| self-esteem | One's personal evaluation or view of self, generally thought to influence feelings and behaviors |
| schizophrenia | A thought disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech and behavior (the “positive” symptoms) and by flat affect, social withdrawal, and absence of volition (the “negative” symptoms). |
| self-awareness | the process by which a person gains recognition of his or her own feelings, beliefs, and attitudes |
| sensorium | 1)That portion of the brain that functions as a center of sensations. 2)The sensory apparatus of the body taken as a whole. 3)Awareness; consciousness. |
| somatoform disorders | characterized as the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition without a demon-strable organic basis to account fully for them |
| substance abuse | can be defined as using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences |
| suicidal ideation | thinking about killing oneself |
| suicide precautions | removal of harmful items; increased super-vision to prevent acts of self-harm |
| tardive dyskinesia | a late-onset, irreversible neurologic side effect of antipsychotic medications; characterized by abnor-mal, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing, and choreiform movements of the limbs and feet |
| temperament | refers to the biologic processes of sensation, association, and motivation that underlie the integration of skills and habits based on emotion |
| termination or resolution phase | the final stage in the nurse–client relationship; it begins when the client’s problems are resolved and concludes when the relationship ends |
| therapeutic milieu | beneficial environment; the use of people, resources, and events in the patient’s immediate environment to promote optimal psychosocial functioning |
| tolerance | the need for increased amount of a substance to pro-duce the same effect |
| withdrawal syndrome | refers to the negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases |
| limit setting | Establishing the parameters of desirable and acceptable patient behavior |
| addiction | A compulsive and maladaptive dependence on a substance (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, opiates, or tobacco) or a behavior (e.g., gambling). The dependence typically produces adverse psychological, physical, economic, social, or legal ramifications. |
| blunted affect | showing little or a slow-to-respond fa-cial expression• |
| broad affect | displaying a full range of emotional expressions• |
| flat affect | showing no facial expression• |
| inappropriate affect | displaying a facial expression that is incongruent with mood or situation; often silly or giddy regardless of circumstances• |
| restricted affect | displaying one type of expression, usually serious or somber |
| alcoholism | Chronic, frequently progressive, sometimes fatal disease marked by impaired control over alcohol use despite adverse effects. Dependence on alcohol, tolerance of its effects, and remissions and relapses are common. Denial of addiction. |
| apathy | Indifference; insensibility; lack of emotion. |
| volition | The act or power of willing or choosing. |
| avolition | against one's will, unwilling. |
| behavioral theories | View anxiety as being learned through experiences and conversely, that people can change or “unlearn” behaviors through new experiences. |
| bipolar disorder | involves extreme mood swings from episodes of mania to episodes of depression. |
| manic phases | clients are euphoric, grandiose, energetic, and sleep-less. They have poor judgment and rapid thoughts, actions, and speech. |
| process recording | recording of communication, denotes all nonverbal messages that the speaker uses to give meaning and context to the message |
| kindling theory | highly sensitized pathways induce spontaneous seizure activity. Kindling may underlie the cycling of mood disorders as well as addiction. Anticonvulsants inhibit kindling; this may explain their efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder. |
| korsakoff’s syndrome | a type of dementia caused by long-term, excessive alcohol intake that results in a chronic thiamine or vitamin B deficiency |
| major depressive disorder | typically involves 2 or more weeks of a sad mood or lack of interest in life activities with at least four other symptoms of depression such as anhedonia and changes in weight, sleep, energy, concentration, decision making, self-esteem, and goals. |
| no self-harm contract | a client promises to not engage in self-harm and to report to the nurse when he or she is losing control |
| professional boundaries | It is the nurse’s responsibility to define the boundaries of the relationship clearly in the orientation phase and to ensure those boundaries are maintained throughout the relationship. |
Created by:
husseyj
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