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Immuno
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which cytokine do macrophages stimulate? | IL-1 |
| Which cytokines do Th cells stimulate? | All except IL-1 |
| Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant? | Supraclavicular; Epitrochlear; Inguinal |
| What is CD8? | Tk (killer) or Ts (suppressor) cell; Responds to MHC-I (self) |
| What cells express MHC-I? | All except RBCs and platelets |
| What is CD4? | Th (helper) cell; Responds to MHC-II (non-self) |
| What type of immunity does Th1 provide? | cell-mediated |
| What type of immunity does Th2 provide? | humoral |
| What do B cell deficient patients die from? | Bacterial Infection |
| What is the Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia? | kids w/ B cells that don't differentiate into plasma cells; Low Ab |
| Bruton's Agammaglobinulinemia | Tyrosine kinase deficiency; young adults w/ defective Tyr kinase (Btk gene); Blocks B cell development; NO Ab X-linked |
| Job's Syndrome | Tyrosine kinase deficiency; Stuck in IgE stage; Redheaded females |
| Multiple Myeloma | Multiple osteolytic lesions; IgG; kappa light chains; rouleaux formation |
| Heavy Chain Disease | IgA and Multiple Myeloma of the GI tract |
| Selective IgG2 deficiency | Recurrent encapsulated infections |
| Selective IgA deficiency | Transfusion anaphylaxis; Mucous membrane infections |
| Hairy Cell Leukemia | Fried egg appearance; TRAP+ |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia | Low IgA; Neuro problems |
| Hyper IgM Syndrome | High IgM; All other Ab low |
| What kind of problems do you see in patients with defects in cell-mediated immunity? | Viral; Fungal; Mycobacteria; Protozoa; Parasite; Neoplasm |
| What do T cell deficient patients die from? | Viral Infection |
| DiGeorge Syndrome | No thymus or inferior parathyroids; Low Ca2+ (only immunodeficiency w/low Ca2+); problem with 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches; deletion on Chrom 22 |
| Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis | T cell defect against Candida albicans; Chronic fatigue |
| SCID | Adenosine deaminase deficiency; T cells more affected than B cells; Frameshift/Nonsense mutation; Increased bacterial and fungal infections; NO thymus; Frayed long bones; Baby dies by 18mo |
| Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | Low IgM; Low platelets; High IgA; Increased IL-4; Eczema; Petechiae |
| What does the CD4 count tell you? | Status of HIV (normal 800-1200; kids up to 1500) |
| What does the viral load tell you? | Progression of HIV |
| What organs have the most CD4 receptors? | Blood vessels; Brain; Testicles; Cervix; Rectum |
| What are the 3 tests used to screen for HIV? | ELISA (detects IgG Ab to p24 Ag); Western Blot (see >2 proteins); PCR (detects virus esp in babies) |
| What is the definition of AIDS? | CD4<200/uL or clinical symptoms |
| 9 Live Vaccines | "MMR OR Very Yellow Sick Babies" Measles (Rubeola); Mumps; Rubella (German 3-day measles); OPV (Sabin oral polio vaccine); Rotavirus; Varicella; Yellow Fever; Smallpox; BCG |
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | Anti-mitochondrial Ab; Pruritus; Females |
| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis | p-ANCA; bile duct inflammation; onion skinning; IBD |
| Type I Autoimmune Hepatitis | Anti-SM Ab; young women |
| Type II Autoimmune Hepatitis | Anti-LKM Ab; kids |
| Bullous Pemphigoid | Anti-hemidesmisomes Ab; skin bullae |
| Celiac Sprue | Anti-gliadin / Anti-gluten Ab (wheat); Steatorrhea |
| CREST Syndrome | Anti-centromere Ab; Calcinosis; Raynaud's; Esophageal dysmotility (GERD); Sclerodactyly; Telangiectasia |
| Dermatitis herpetiformis | Anti-BMZ Ab; Anti-endomysial Ab; Vesicles on the anterior thigh; assoc w/ celiac sprue |
| Dermatomyositis | Anti-Jo-1 Ab; Mysositis + Rash |
| DM Type I | Anti-islet cell Ab; Anti-GAD Ab; Polyuria, Polydipsia, Weight Loss |
| Drug-Induced Lupus | Anti-histone Ab (HIPPPE); Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Penicillamine, Phenytoin, Ethosuximide |
| Gastritis Type A | Anti-parietal cell Ab; Atrophic gastritis; Achlorhydria; Adenocarcinoma (increased risk) |
| Goodpasture's | Anti-GBM Ab; attacks lung & kidney; mcc RPGN |
| Grave's disease | Anti-TSHr Ab; HYPERthyroid; Bug eyes (exopthalmos); Pretibial myxedema |
| Guillain-Barre | Anti-ganglioside Ab; ascending paralysis; 2wk after URI |
| Hashimoto's | Anti-microsomal Ab; Anti-thyroid peroxidase Ab; HYPOthyroid |
| ITP | Anti-platelet Ab; Anti-GP2b3a Ab; Thrombocytopenia |
| Mixed CT Disease | Anti-RNP Ab |
| Mononucleosis | Heterophile Ab; teen w/ sore throat |
| MPGN Type II | Anti-C3 convertase Ab (C3 nephritic factor) |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Anti-myelin Ab; middle-aged female w/ vision problems |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Anti-AChr Ab; female w/ ptosis; weaker as the day goes on |
| Paroxysmal Hemolysis | Donath Landsteiner Ab; bleeds when cold |
| Pemphigus Vulgaris | Anti-desmosome Ab; skin sloughs off when touched |
| Pernicious Anemia | Anti-IF Ab; Vit B12 deficient; MEGAloblastic anemia |
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | p-ANCA; attacks gut & kidney; Hep B |
| Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis | ASO Ab; NephrItic w/ complement deposition; subepithelial humps |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Rheumatoid factor; pain worse in the morning |
| Scleroderma | Anti-Scl70; Anti-TopoI; Fibrosis; tight skin |
| Sjogren's | Anti-SSA; Dry "sand in" eyes; Dry mouth; Arthritis |
| SLE | Anti-dsDNA/Smith/Cardiolipin; Rash; Photosensitivity; Oral ulcers; RF |
| SLE cerebritis | Anti-neuronal Ab; Anti-ribosomal Ab |
| Vitiligo | Anti-melanocyte Ab; white patches |
| Warm Hemolysis | Anti-Rh Ab; bleeds at body temp |
| Wegener's | c-ANCA; attacks ENT, lungs, kidney; #2 cause of RPGN |
| Drugs that cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | "PACSAP"; PTU, alpha-methyldopa, cephalosporins, sulfa drugs, anti-malarials, penicillin |
| Drugs that cause Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia | Aspirin; Heparin; Quinidine |
| T-cytotoxic cells | CD8+, CD4-, recognize MHC-I, also have CD2 & CD3 markers |
| T-helper cells | CD4+, CD8-, recognize MCH-II, also have CD2 & CD3 markers |
| Which MHC do macrophages display? | MHC-II |
| CVID | Tyrosine kinase deficiency; late onset; Frameshift/Missense mutation |
| HIV (HTLV-1) | Effects CD4 rich tissues (blood vessels, brain, testicles, cervix, rectum); T cells more affected than B cells |
| Leukemias & Lymphomas | 98% B cells in both |
Created by:
clbaca
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