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Protein Synthesis
ES Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| They are one of the most important molecular structures found in living organisms | Proteins |
| Proteins are used as what kind of building blocks | structural |
| These facilitate all metabolic activities of the cell | enzymes |
| A protein is simply a long chain of what (they are linked together by bonds) | amino acids |
| The most important quality to understand about proteins is that the position of these determines the function of each protein | amino acids |
| How many different kinds of nucleotide bases are in DNA | 4 |
| How many nucleotide bases make up a codon | 3 |
| The codon is found on | mRNA, DNA |
| The anticodon is found on | tRNA |
| How many amino acids are attached to each tRNA | 1 |
| THis carries only a specific amino acid | each tRNA |
| The process of making mRNA from DNA | transcription |
| Where does transcription take place | in the nucleus |
| This is the process of "reading" the mRNA code and assembling a protein based on its instructions | translation |
| Translation takes place in the | ribosome (cytoplasm, specifically in a ribosome) |
| When mRNA leaves the nucleus it leaves through a | nuclear pore |
| In this process, the tRNA will bring amino acids until a "stop" codon and then the specific protein will be complete | the process of translation |
| All the nucleotide bases, except thymine, that are also used to make up RNA are found where | on DNA |
| What base is found on RNA but not on DNA | uracil |
| The process of assembling a protein from RNA is called | translation |
| The sum of an organism's life processes (photosynthesis, movement, growth, reproduction, protein synthesis, etc.) is called | metabolism |
| This life process is usually considered the most important because cells are controlled by enzymes & enzymes are protiens, so this controls all other life processes | protein synthesis |
| Almost every substance made by the cell is a ...... protein or contains this | structural |
| This is a twisted and looped polypeptide chain of amino acids | protein |
| This is used as a structual building block | structural protein |
| What do enzymes serve as | organic catalysts |
| Proteins exist because of | nucleic acids |
| These are composed of nucleotides | nucleic acids |
| These are found in the nucleus and direct (control) the activities of the cell by guiding the formation of both structural and enzymatic proteins | nucleic acids |
| DNA stands for (what letters mean) | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Thiss holds the code/ instructions/ recipe that determins the sequence of the approx. 20 different amino acids that make up all proteins | DNA |
| What are the 4 nucleotide bases of DNA | adenine, thymin, guanine and cytosins |
| DNA bases are arranged in triplets called | codons |
| the arrangement of the codons detemins the sequence of the | amino acids that will form a given polypeptide chain (protein) |
| Each codon (triplet of bases) represents an | amino acid (there are 64 possible combinations) |
| In order to produce an amino acid chain, DNA must first do what | transcribe (transfer its message/ code to RNA) |
| What does RNA stand for | ribonucleic acid |
| Through this, the message or code of DNA's base sequence is delivered, read and converted to a chain of amino acids | RNA |
| This is the messenger RNA, it carries the code/ message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the code/ message is read | mRNA |
| This transfers RNA, it contains anticodons or complimentary bases that match up to the mRNA codons and carries an amino acid that correlates with the code | tRNA |
| THis is ribosomal RNA, it is a combination of RNA and proteins that provides the right environment for reading mrna and joining amino acids to form protins, thus the location of proein synthesis | rRNA |
| The sum of all an organism's life process is called | metabolism |
| The steady state of life is called | homeostasis |
| This type of metabolism are processes that build molecules and stores energy | anabolism |
| This type of metabolism are processes that break molecules and release energy (like cellular respiration) | catabolism |
| What are the 2 types of metabolism | anabolism and catabolism |
| 3 types of cell digestion | intracellular digestion, extracellular digestion, autophagy |
| This is when materials that have been obtained by the cell through phagocytosis or pinocytosis are broken down by enzymes (from lysosomes) within the cell in a food cacuole | intracellular digestion |
| This is when digestive enzymes are secreted outside the cell, the materials the cell needs are broken down, and then absorbed back into the cell | extracellular digestion |
| This process allows the cell to breakdown worn out structures into usable raw materials for other functions by enclosing the worn out structure in a membrane, then having enzymes from lysosomes enter & digest the "old" structure to release usable material | autophagy (self eat) |
Created by:
dmaks
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