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Mr.Wills Holt Ch 14
Mr.Wills Holt Ch 14 Created by Destiny M
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cards Created by | a student; inaccuracies may be present |
| Mutation | A change in the structure or amount of genetic material of an organism |
| Mutagen | An environmental factor that affects the rate of mutation |
| Point Mutation | A change of a single nucleotide in a sequence from one kind of base to another |
| Insertion or deletion | Adding or removing a nucleotide from a DNA sequence |
| Silent Mutation | No effect on a gene’s function is present |
| Missense Mutatuon | Results when a codon is changed and codes for another amino acid |
| Frameshift Mutation | causes a shift in the reading frame, and amino acids to be wrong |
| Nonsense Mutation | Results when a codon is changed to a “Stop” signal |
| More of fewer amino acids | Affects the proteins structure and function |
| Deletion | Removes a nucleotide from a DNA sequence |
| Duplication | Another copy of a gene is made |
| Inversion | Flips a gene |
| Translocation | A piece of the chromosome is broken off and it attaches to another chromosome |
| Gene rearrangement | moving genes to a new location |
| Germ cells | make up gamete cells |
| Somatic cells | make up the rest of the body |
| Nondisjunction | when pairs of gametes fail to separate properly (ex: Down Syndrome) |
| Polyploidy | a cell with multiple sets of chromosomes |
| Gene regulation | Transcription and translation can be regulated |
| Genetic switch | a molecular system that controls the expression of a specific gene |
| Operon | a gene-regulation system in which adjacent DNA segments control the expression of a group of genes |
| Enhancer | a kind of DNA sequence that can be bound by an activator |
| Promoter | tells the gene to start |
| Transcription factor | proteins that help turn on the genetic switches |
| Intron | Noncoding sections of an amino acid |
| Extron | Codes for amino acids |
| Protein domain | Parts of a protein that have a specific chemical structure and function |
| Cell differentiation | Each new cell is modified and specialized as the cells multiply to form a body |
| What causes Mutations? | a permanent change in DNA sequence |
| What are the effects of mutations? | The effects of mutation are shown in an organism’s phenotype |
| How are mutations categorized? | Changes in DNA or changes in the results of genes |
| How do mutations affect us? | Tumors and cancers, alleles, genetic disorders |
| When are mutations heritable (passed on)? | when its in the germ cells |
| How do mutations cause cancer? | if they lack genes that control normal growth of cells |
| How do mutations cause new alleles? | As a result of silent mutation |
| What are two major causes of mutations that occur during mitosis and meiosis? | Nondisjunction and polyploidy |
| What is gene regulation? | How are body knows how to use a certain gene |
| What are the jobs of enhancers and promoters? | They start and speed up amino acids |
| What is junk DNA? | Junk DNA is the DNA that is not coded for |
| Why is cell differentiation important? | It’s how we get all the cells in our body |
| What is the process that controls cell growth and maintenance? | Cell cycle |
Created by:
mrwillsshs
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