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BIO 135 Test 2
Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which Muscle do Striated Cells belong to? | Cardiac Muscle and Skeletal Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Cells have one nucleus' belong to? | Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Branched Cells' belong to? | Cardiac Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Intercalated Disks' belong to? | Cardiac Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Many nuclei peripherally located' belong to? | Skeletal Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Major force pushing blood through blood vessels' belong to? | Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Short, spindle-shaped cells' belong to? | Smooth Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Voluntary Movement' belong to? | Skeletal Muscle |
| Which Muscle do 'Moves food through the digestive system' belong to? | Smooth Muscle |
| What is unique about the function of muscles? | They contract, or shorten, making movement possible |
| Which structure brings impulses to the neuron? | Dendrites |
| Which structure moves impulses away from the neuron? | Axon |
| Name three types of neurons based on their polarity? | Multipolar, Bipolar, and Unipolar |
| What is the name of the support cells surrounding the neuron? | Neuroglia |
| 'located in body cavities that open to outside the body' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Mucous Membrane |
| 'Contain Glands' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Mucous Membrane |
| 'Do not contain glands' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Serous Membrane and Synovial Membrane |
| 'Contain Goblet Cells' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Mucous Membrane |
| 'Secretions can result in a runny nose' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Mucous Membrane |
| 'Line cavities that do not open to outside' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Serous Membrane |
| 'Are located in tissue of joints' is a characteristic of which type of membrane? | Synovial Membrane |
| What are the five major signs of inflammation? | Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain, and Disturbance of Function |
| How is the Sign of Redness and Heat in inflammation produced? | Chemical mediators can cause dilation of blood vessels. |
| How is the Sign of Swelling in inflammation produced? | When water, proteins, and other substances from the blood move into the tissue. |
| How is the Sign of Pain in inflammation produced? | Pus accumulation, nerve cell endings are stimulated by direct damage, some chemical mediators produce pain sensations, and increased pressure in the tissue caused by swelling. |
| How is the Sign of Disturbance of Function in inflammation produced? | Pain, limitation of movement caused by swelling, and tissue destruction. |
| List the three names given to cells based upon their ability to regenerate tissue after injury, and give an example of each? | Labile - Skin Stable - The Liver Permanent - Lens of the eye |
| Name three functions of Epithelial Tissue? | Protect underlying structures, Acting as a barrier, and Absorbing substances. |
| What are the three classifications of epithelium? | Simple, Stratified, and Pseudostratified |
| What are the three shapes of epithelial cells based on shape? | Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar |
| What type of epithelial cells contains goblet cells? | Columnar |
| What is the function of goblet cells? | To produce and secrete mucus |
| Name two places where simple squamous epithelial cells are found? | Blood vessels, and air sacs of the lungs |
| Name two places where simple cuboidal epithelial cells are found? | glands, and kidney tubules |
| Name two places where simple columnar epithelial cells are found? | reproductive tract and respiratory tract |
| Name one place where keratinized epithelial cells are found? | the skin |
| Name two places where non-keratinized epithelial cells are found? | the lining of the esophagus, and the vagina |
| Describe the 3 different surfaces of epithelial tissue? | Free, Basal, and Lateral |
| Describe the structure of stratified epithelium. Name one place where it can be found? | composed of multiple layers of cells; columnar cells topped by cuboidal cells, then by squamous cells. can be found in the outer part of the skin |
| Explain the structure of Pseudostratified epithelial tissue? | single layer of columnar cells that all attach to the basement membrane |
| Name on place in the body where pseudostratified epithelial tissue is found? | the upper throat |
| What are two characteristics that are almost always associated with pseudostratified epithelium? Where are they found? What is their function? | Goblet cells found on the free surface, which secrete mucus. Cilia located on the free surface, move the mucus and debris that accumulates in it. |
| What are the 4 types of cell connections? | Tight junctions, Gap junctions, Desmosomes, and Hemidesmosomes. |
| What are the functions of the 4 types of cell connections? | Tight Junctions bind adjacent cells together. Gap Junctions have channels that allow adjacent cells to communicate with each other. Desmosomes anchor cells to one another. Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane. |
| What is the difference between Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes? | The difference is the way they look. Hemidesmosomes is one-half, and Desmosomes is body (whole) |
| What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands in terms of location and structure? | Endocrine glands have no ducts and empty their secretions into the blood. Exocrine glands have ducts which is where secretion comes from. example: sweat glands. |
| What is the name for a unicellular gland? What do they produce? | A single goblet cell, they produce mucus |
| What are the two major structural types of multicellular exocrine glands? | simple and compound |
| What are 4 functions of connective tissue? | storing compounds, protecting, transporting, connecting tissues to one another. |
| Name on place in the body where pseudostratified epithelial tissue is found? | the upper throat |
| What are two characteristics that are almost always associated with pseudostratified epithelium? Where are they found? What is their function? | Goblet cells found on the free surface, which secrete mucus. Cilia located on the free surface, move the mucus and debris that accumulates in it. |
| What are the 4 types of cell connections? | Tight junctions, Gap junctions, Desmosomes, and Hemidesmosomes. |
| What are the functions of the 4 types of cell connections? | Tight Junctions bind adjacent cells together. Gap Junctions have channels that allow adjacent cells to communicate with each other. Desmosomes anchor cells to one another. Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane. |
| What is the difference between Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes? | The difference is the way they look. Hemidesmosomes is one-half, and Desmosomes is body (whole) |
| What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands in terms of location and structure? | Endocrine glands have no ducts and empty their secretions into the blood. Exocrine glands have ducts which is where secretion comes from. example: sweat glands. |
| What is the name for a unicellular gland? What do they produce? | A single goblet cell, they produce mucus |
| What are the two major structural types of multicellular exocrine glands? | simple and compound |
| What are 4 functions of connective tissue? | storing compounds, protecting, transporting, connecting tissues to one another. |
| What is the meaning of the suffix -blast, used in naming cells in connective tissue? | germ |
| What is the meaning of the suffix -cyte, used in naming cells in connective tissue? | cell |
| what is the meaning of the suffix -clast, used in naming cells in connective tissue? | break |
| what does the prefix osteo- mean? | bone |
| what does the prefix chondro- mean? | cartilage |
| What does the prefix Fibro- mean? | fibrous |
| what is the structure, location and function of adipose cells? | little extracellular matrix surrounding cells, composed of collagen and elastic fibers. Packing material, thermal insulator, store energy, protects parts of the body. Found around kidneys, mammary glands, etc. |
| What is the structure, location and function of mast cells? | Nonmotile cells that release chemicals that promote inflammation, and are found in the immune system. |
| What is the structure, location and function of macrophages? | large cells that provide protection, and are found in the immune system. |
| How is connective tissue different from the other three types of tissues? | Found in every organ |
| What are undifferentiated mesenchymal cells? What is their function? | Are stem cells, have potential to differentiate into adult cells |
| What types of molecules/structures are found in the matrix of connective tissue? | Hyaluronic Acid,Proteoglycans, and Adhesive Molecules |
| What are elastic fibers made?? | Protein |
| What is unique about elastic tissue? | Capable of stretching and recoiling |
| Give an example of where dense elastic connective tissue is found? | In the vocal cords |
| Where is elastic cartilage found? | Found in the external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube. |
| What is the Structure, location and function of Plateletes found in connective tissue? | minute fragments of cells, consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. They prevent blood loss and are found in the blood |
| what is the Structure, location and function of white blood cells found in connective tissue? | Round, Carry oxygen and are found within blood vessels and the interstitial spaces. |
| Where is ground substance found in connective tissue? What is its purpose? | It is the solid shapeless background, and traps large amount of water. |
| The connective tissue in the umbilical cord produces tissue called, mucus connective tissue. What is another name for it? | Wharton's jelly |
| What is the function of areolar (loose) tissue? | It attaches the skin to underlying tissues. Fills the spaces between glands, muscles and nerves. |
| How is Adipose tissue different from most connective tissue? | It has very little extracellular matrix |
| Where is adipose tissue found? | mammary glands, renal pelves, around kidneys, etc. mainly in subcutaneous areas. |
| What is the structure of reticular fibers? | fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network. |
| What is the major type of fibers in regular dense collagenous connective tissue? Where are these tissue found? | Collagen is the most common. And are found in tendons and ligaments, dermis and organ capsules. |
| connect bone to bone | ligaments |
| connect bone to muscle | tendons |
| Dense irregular elastic tissue is found where? | dermis, protective white layer of the eyeball, and the deeper skin layers |
| What do Chondrocytes do, and where are they located? | They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, and are the only cells found in cartilage |
| Where is Hyaline Cartilage found? What qualities does it have that make it ideal for this location? | It covers the ends of bones. Forms smooth, resilient surfaces that can withstand repeated pressure. |
| How does fibrocartilage vary from hyaline cartilage? | fibrocartilage has more collagen |
| Where is fibrocartilage found in the body, and what makes it ideal for its function in that place? | Is found in the disks between the vertebrae and in some joints. Able to withstand pressure and is able to resist pulling or tearing forces. |
| Where might elastic cartilage be found? | The external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube |
| What characteristics of the matrix of blood makes it different from all other tissue? | Unique because the matrix is liquid |
| Where are blood cells produced? | Within the blood vessels |
| What are the three blood cell types? | Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet |
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tevans0082
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