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Gen. Biology-Test 1
Gen. Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Anchoring Junction | Animal cells- prevent leakage |
| Define Tight Junction | Animal cells-seals in digestive justices |
| Define Gap Junction | Animal calls- allow cells to communicate |
| How is a covalent bond formed? | When 2 atoms share electrons- this is the strongest bond |
| Why do elements bond together? | Elements bond when atoms either share,donate, or receive electrons to become stable |
| What are the 6 primary elements of all living organisms? | (CHNOPS)Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| What makes up atoms? | Atoms are composed of particles. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
| What charges do Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons have? | Protons- Positive charge (+) Neutrons- No charge (0) Electrons- Negative charge (-) |
| What is the atomic number? | Number of Protons |
| What is the atomic mass? | Number of protons and neutrons |
| What is a base? | A base is a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. |
| How is a base formed? | It is formed when any substance that ionizes to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
| What is an acid? | Is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. |
| How is acid formed? | is formed when any compound form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. |
| Why is water a polar molecule even though the bonds between oxygen and hydrogen are covalent? | It has atoms w/ different electro- negativities.- oxygen attracts the shared electrons more stronly than hydrogen.so,the shared electrons spend more time near oxygen. the oxygen atom has a slightly - charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slightly + charg |
| How is an ionic bond formed? | When an atom completes their outer electronic shells by donating or receiving electrons; atom donating an electron becomes positively charged and the atom receiving becomes negatively charged. |
| What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? | O-always contain carbon bonded to other atoms,always covalent bonding,often quite large with many atoms,ass. w/ livin organisms. Ino.-Usually contain positive & negative ions,usually ionic bondin, always contain a small # of atoms,ass. w/ nonliving matter |
| How many bonds can carbon form? | 4 |
| Define hydroxl group | consists of a hydrogen bond to oxygen (-OH) |
| Define Carboxyl group | consists of a carbon double-bonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group. (-COOH) |
| Define Phosphate Group | consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (-OPO3^2-) |
| Define Amino Group | Composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms & the carbon skeleton (-NH2) |
| What is the importance of surface to volume ratio to the life of a cell? | Because it allows it to be more efficient at transporting materials in, out, and around the cell |
| What are the primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | Pro-no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, only single celled, oldest form of living organelles. Euk-has a nucleus, membrane- bound, evidence that they evolved from pro cells, may be single or multi-cellular organisms. |
| What is the Endosymbotic Theory of life? | A theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. |
| What is an organelle? | A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell. |
| What are the 7 themes of biology? | cellular structure and function, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, interdependence |
| how do amino acids bond to form polypeptides? | the amino acids are linked by dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds, the chains linked together are known as polypeptides. |
| What are the basic steps of the scientific process? | 1.Ask a Question 2.Do Background Research 3.Construct a Hypothesis 4.Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment 5.Analyze Your Data 6.Draw a Conclusion 7.Communicate Your Results |
| What organelles are involved in energy transformations? | mitochondrion and chloroplast |
| What are the four macromolecules of life? | lipids, protein, carbohydrates, nucleic acid |
| How can polymers create monomers? | Cells use a hydrolysis reaction, where water ions are attached to monomers |
| How can monomers create polymers? | Cells use a dehydration reaction to attach the monomers. water forms in the process. |
| What is a nucleotide and which macromolecule is it associated with? | A building clock of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups. It is ass. with nucleic acids. |
| What proof do scientists have for this theory? | 1. fossil evidence of photosynthetic bacteria appears. 2. Aerobic cells appear in the fossil record shortly after that. |
| how is a hydrogen bond formed? | Forms when molecules are linked together. E.x.-bonds form between the hydrogen and oxygen atom because of their opposite charge |
| What are the 3 common trace elements that are needed to maintain good health? | Iron, Iodine, fluoride |
| What makes up the cell/plasma membrane? | cytoplasm |
| What organelles are involved in protein synthesis?` | Ribosomes They look like little bumps |
Created by:
carraig
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