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Sociology - E1 - P2
Sociology - Exam 1 - Part 2 - Culture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ways of thinking, ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people’s way of life | Culture |
| 2 types of Culture | Non-Material Culture Material Culture |
| people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture | Society |
| personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life | Culture shock |
| Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture | Symbol |
| system of symbols that allows people to communicate | Language |
| process by which one generation passes culture to the next | Cultural Transmission |
| Language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world. Thinking and perception are shaped by language. | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
| culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, & beautiful | Values |
| broad guidelines for social living | Values |
| specific ideas people hold to be true | Beliefs |
| rules & expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members | Norms |
| rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to cultural norms | Sanctions |
| norms that are widely observed & have great moral significance | Mores or Taboos |
| norms for casual interaction | Folkways |
| behaviors suggested by values & norms | Ideal culture |
| actual behavior | Real culture |
| pertaining to Material culture - physical human creations | Artifacts |
| pertaining to Material culture - knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings | Technology |
| pertaining to Material culture - historical changes in culture brought about by new technology | Sociocultural Evolution |
| cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population | Subculture |
| cultural diversity with respect & equal standing for all cultural traditions | Multiculturalism |
| cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society | Counterculture |
| relationships among various elements of a cultural system | Cultural Integration |
| some cultural elements change more quickly than others | Cultural Lag |
| practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture | Ethnocentrism |
| practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards | Cultural relativism |
| Pertaining to Theoretical Analysis of Culture - Culture is a complex strategy for meeting human needs | Structural-functional |
| Pertaining to Theoretical Analysis of Culture - Any cultural trait benefits some members of society at the expense of others | Social-conflict |
| negative judgement we put on ourselves | guilt |
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