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Chapter 5 DNA
DNA, Gene Expression, and Biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name for DNA? | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNA is a _____acid? | Nucleic |
| DNA consist of individual units called | nucleotides |
| Nucleotides have how many components and what are their names? | Three Components and they are : 1:) Phosphate 2:) Pentose sugar (molecule of sugar) 3:) nitrogen containing base |
| Full Set of DNA present in an individual organism | genome |
| A linear or circular strand of DNA on which are found specific sequences of base pairs | Chromosomes |
| A sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a functional product | Gene |
| Alternative versions of a gene that code for the same features are called | alleles |
| any single characteristic or feature that of an organism is referred to as | trait |
| Regions of DNA that code for genes | Exons |
| Regions of DNA that do not code for genes | Introns |
| Genes that an organism carries for a particular trait ( Instructions) | Genotype |
| The physical manifestation of the instructions (product) | Phenotype |
| Gene Expression has how many steps and what are they? | Two steps; Transcription and Translation |
| Where does Transcription take place? | In the Nucleus |
| Where does Translation take place? | In the cytoplasm |
| What happens during transcription? | copy of gene's base sequence is made (from DNA to mRNA) |
| What happens during translation? | sequence for a gene, now encoded in mRNA is used to direct the production of a protein |
| What is the middleman molecule that a gene base sequence is copied to? | mRNA |
| Something that occurs to alter the sequence of bases in an organisms DNA is | mutation |
| Mutations are necessary for | evolution |
| Mutations have a range of effects which are | Little to no effect, Deadly, or Beneficial |
| What three ways do mutations occur? | Spontaneous, Radiation-induced , and Chemical -induced |
| What happens in radiation induced mutations? | Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy that it can disrupt atomic structure—even breaking apart chromosomes |
| What happens in Spontaneous mutations? | As cells divide, errors are made during DNA replication |
| What happens in Chemical induced mutations? | Many chemicals, such as those found in cigarette smoke, can also react with the atoms in DNA molecules and induce mutations |
| If a mutation occurs in a cell in the body | The cell may die, the cell may divide, a tumor may arise=cancer |
| If a mutation occurs in a gamete | it will be passed on to offspring |
| What is the role of DNA? | Store Information, Replicate to transmit to next generation, and undergo mutations for genetic variability |
| Universal Language for DNA is? | A,C,G,T |
| At The Girls Club is a Mnemonic for | Adenine,Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine (AT+GC) |
| An important reason for finding the structure of DNA is that DNA explains how genes code for | Proteins |
| Main structure of DNA is ? | Double Helix |
Created by:
Msmith32
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