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BIO 2117
Microbiology Unit 1 Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA or RNA, with or without an envelope and the structure of the nucleic acid are all classification tools for | viruses |
| infectious particles | viruses |
| according to cell theory viruses are | acellular |
| does not contain organelles | acellular |
| viruses require a _____ _____ to replicate | host cell |
| DNA or RNA can either be ________ ________ stranded | single;double |
| viruses do not contain both | DNA and RNA |
| all living things have double stranded | DNA |
| viruses inability to synthesize proteins id ude to a lack of | ribosomes |
| viruses have no ability to chemically process energy due to a lack of | metabolism |
| viruses do not respond to | stimuli |
| viruses are considered ________ or ________ as opposed to living or dead | active; inactive |
| viruses do not make their own energy | non-autotrophic |
| viruses do not require substrates | non-heterotrophic |
| the two main viral components | covering and central core |
| viruses contain either _____ or _____, never both | DNA; RNA |
| the capsid and envelop make up the | covering |
| nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) and the matrix protein enzymes make up the | central core |
| viruses are measured in nanometers which make them | ultramicroscopic |
| viruses are classified by their | structures |
| external structures | complex virus |
| enveloped viral covering | enveloped virus |
| a virus that performs reverse transcriptase encoding | retrovirus |
| a unique virus that contains double stranded RNA | reovirus |
| RNA to DNA to RNA to protein is | reverse transcriptase |
| DNA or RNA, +/- an envelope, single or duoble stranded nucleic acid are all methods of | viral classification |
| single stranded DNA virus that causes respiratory infections | parvovirus |
| 20-sided viral arrangement | icosahedron |
| capsids are made up of protein molecule constructed subunits | capsomeres |
| simple rod-shaped capsomeres that bond to form a series of hollow discs | helical capsids |
| shell that surrounds the nucleic acid | capsid |
| capsid and nucleic acid make up | nucleocapsid |
| when classifying RNA viruses, single stranded genomes can be further broken down by | segmented or nonsegmented |
| protruding molecules on the viral envelope | spikes |
| viral mutiplication cycle: virus attaches to the host cell membrane by way of specific binding of its spikes to receptors | absorption |
| viral mutiplication cycle: the virus is engulfed into the cytoplasm by way of a vesicle | penetration |
| viral mutiplication cycle: envelop is removed to release infectious RNA | uncoating |
| viral mutiplication cycle: controlled cell synthesizes basic components of new viruses | synthesis |
| viral mutiplication cycle: spike proteins are inserted into cell membrane and nucleocapsids are formed | assembly |
| viral mutiplication cycle: new virus buds off taking portion of plasma membrane | release |
| cellular eruption from non-enveloped virus | lysis |
| enveloped virion release individually | budding |
| RNA viruses replicate within | cytoplasm |
| DNA viruses replicate within | nucleus |
| latent and chronic terminology is | interchangeable |
| cnacer causing viruses | oncogenic |
| viral infection causes changes in cells that can be observed, known as | cytopathic effects |
| an example of a virus with repeated periods of activity and latentcy | herpes |
| an example of a virus with an initial infection followed by an extended latent period | HIV |
| inclusion bodies of viral proteins, loss of cellular shape and multiple nuclei are all examples of | cytopathic effects |
| live animal, embryo and tissue inoculation of virion for harvesting | virus cultivation |
| type of virus cultivation performed primarily in research labs in which cultivation comes from | viral plaques |
| simplest infectious particle | prion |
| naked infectious proteins cause this type of infection | neurological |
| the latent period for prions is no more than | 3 years |
| two examples of diseases caused by infectious prions | Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) |
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