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Bio 1: SM & Macromol

Scientific Method & Macromolecule

QuestionAnswer
THEORY A hypothesis that has been repeatedly proven through experimentation by many scientists
HYPOTHESIS A prediction that can be tested
VARIABLE Anything that may be changed in an experiment
MACROMOLECULE A polymer made up of smaller simple monomers. The 4 macromolecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
MONOMER Smaller molecules used to build a macromolecule
POLYMER A large molecule build from many repeating smaller molecules (monomer)
PROTEIN/POLYPEPTIDE Polymer made up of many amino acids; carries out gene expression Ex. Enzymes
AMINO ACID Small molecules used to make proteins. Amino acids have an amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (-COOH)
NUCLEIC ACID Macromolecule made up of nucleotides; used as the genetic material for living cells Example: DNA & RNA
NUCLEOTIDE Smaller molecules (monomer) used to make nucleic acids. Made up of a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
LIPIDS Macromolecule made up of fatty acid chains and glycerols; used for long term energy storage, biological membranes and for chemical messengers
FATTY ACID Long hydrophobic chains of carbons and hydrogens used to make lipids
CARBOHYDRATE Energy storing molecules including monosaccharides and polysaccharides
MONOSACCHARIDES Simple carbohydrates (monomer) used to build polysaccharides Example: sugar, glucose
POLYSACCHARIDES Large molecule (polymer) made from simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides) Ex. Starch, glycogen
ENZYME A type of protein that catalyzes or speeds up a chemical reaction (*catalyst, type of protein)
ACTIVATION ENERGY The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
DENATURED When a protein no longer functions due to a change in the pH or temperature of the solution the protein is in
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The variable in the experiment that is changed, what you are testing
DEPENDENT VARIABLE What is measured or observed
CONTROL GROUP The group in the experiment that is “normal”
Created by: cheryl.cabrera
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