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Pharm 3304 ch 1-3
Chapters 1, 2, 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pharmacology | a science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including: anatomy, physiology, psychology, chemistry, and microbiology |
| Drug | Any chemical that can affect living processes |
| Pharmacology (defined) | Study of drugs and their interactions with living systems |
| Clinical Pharmacology | Study of drugs in humans |
| therapeutics | The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy, or more simply: the medical use of drugs |
| Conventional Drugs | Used in Western medicine Production regulated Meet standards for safety and efficacy Include prescription and OTCs |
| Non-Allopathic Agents | Folk remedies Herbal supplements Limited evidence of safety and efficacy (but growing) Promote consumer choice and self treatment |
| Uses of Drug Therapy | Restore normal level of deficient substances; Block harmful physiologic processes; Stimulate healthy physiologic processes;Destroy pathogens Destroy abnormal tissue Protect vulnerable tissue Eliminate excess or harmful substances Reduce symptoms |
| Fundamental Principles | All drugs are potential poisons when taken in sufficiently high doses No drug produces one, and only one, effect |
| 3 Most Important Properties of an Ideal Drug | Effectiveness, Safety, and Selectivity |
| Additional Properties of an Ideal Drug | Reversible action Predictability Ease of administration Freedom from drug interactions Low cost Chemical stability Simple generic name |
| Therapeutic Objective | Provide maximum benefit with minimum harm |
| Sources of Individual Variation | Physiologic variables, Pathologic variables, Genetic variables, Drug interactions |
| Effectiveness | an effective drug is one that elicits the responses for which it is given; most important property of a drug (needed for release) |
| Safety | a safe drug is one that cannot produce harmful effects, even if administered in very high doses for a very long time--there is no such thing as a safe drug |
| Selectivity | defined as one that elicits only the response for which it is given, would not produce side effects--there is no such thing as a selective drugs: all medications cause side effects |
| Nursing Process | conceptual framework that nurses employ to guide healthcare delivery: 1) assessment, 2) analysis/nursing diagnoses, 3) planning/goals, 4) interventions, 5) evaluation |
| Assessment | consists of collecting data about the patient |
| Nursing Diagnoses (analysis) | nurse analyzes the database to determine actual and potential health problems (physiologic, psychologic, or sociologic), and comes up with a diagnosis that nurse is qualified and license to treat |
| Planning/Goals | nurse delineates specific interventions directed at solving or preventing the problems identified in nursing diagnoses; nurse must define goals, set priorities, identify nursing interventions, and establish criteria for evaluating success |
| Intervention | carrying out interventions identified during planning; involves coordinating actions of other members of the team; finalized by recording Drug Administration, Documentation, Teaching |
| Six Rights | right drug, right patient, right dose--by the right route at the right time, and right documentation |
| Evaluation | performed to determine the degree to which treatment has succeeded. Therapeutic response Adverse effect (includes side effects) Interactive effects Further teaching needs |
| Promoting Therapeutic Effects | Promoting patient adherence Implementing nondrug measures |
| Minimizing Adverse Effects | All drugs can produce undesired effects. The major adverse effects the drug can produce The time when these reactions are likely to occur Early signs that an adverse reaction is developing Interventions that can minimize discomfort and harm |
| Minimize Adverse Interactions | Take a thorough drug history. Advise the patient to avoid OTC drugs that can interact with the prescribed medication. Monitor for adverse interactions known to occur. Be alert for as-yet unknown interactions. |
| PRN | pro re nata, meaning “as needed” Know the reason for drug use. Be able to assess the patient’s medication needs. |
| Managing toxicity | Early identification makes early intervention possible. Know the early signs of toxicity. Know the procedure for toxicity management. |
Created by:
nancyms
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