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Soil Orders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gelisols | have permafrost somewhere in the top two meters |
| Histosols | very productive organic soils |
| Andisols | formed from volcanic ash material |
| Vertisols | have swelling clays and open cracks when dry |
| Aridisols | occur in arid regions and have some subsoil development (cambic or salic), productive when irrigated |
| Entisols | very young, A but no B horizon, ochric epipedon over C or R |
| Inceptisols | A and weak B horizon, ochric over cambic, nonaridic |
| Mollisols | most extensive in U.S. have thick, dark, nonacidic A horizon, typically grassland soils, fertile |
| Alfisols | illuvial clay-rich subsoils (argillic), low acidity, good fertility, warm humid climates, fairly productive forest soils, eastern U.S. |
| Ultisols | illuvial clay-rich subsoils (argillic), HIGH acidity, and low to moderate fertility, warm humid climates. MORE WEATHERED than alfisols. dominate south eastern U.S. |
| Oxisols | formed in hot wet tropics, are extremely weathered, infertile, must be fertilized/limed for good crop yields, very red soils. |
| Spodosols | acidic, sandy, illuvial Fe/Al oxides and humus. found in cool climates/coniferous forests. poor for cultivation. |
| Urbents | urban entisols, find blacktop, steel, etc. |