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Ch. 2 Ecology
Principles of Ecology REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction they have with other organisms and their environment are studied | Ecology |
| Ecology was first introduced by... | Ernst Haeckel |
| Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature | Species |
| Allows scientists to represent or simulate a process or system | Model |
| The portion of earth that supports all life | Biosphere |
| The term "bio" means... | Life |
| Living factors in an organisms environment | Biotic factors |
| Nonliving factors in an organisms environment | Abiotic factors |
| A group of organisms of the same species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. | Population |
| An individual living thing | Organism |
| One striped fish | Organism |
| A school of striped fish | Population |
| All of the populations of species that lie in the same place at the same time | Biological community |
| Fishes, coral and marine plants | Biological community |
| A biological community and the abiotic factors that affect it | Ecosystem |
| Coral reef, sea water and currents | Ecosystem |
| Formed by a group of ecosystems that share a similar climate and have similar types of communities | Biome |
| Grasslands, Tropical rain forests, and Deserts | Biomes |
| Where an organism lives | Habitat |
| Role or position that an organism has in its environment | Niche |
| Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time | Competition |
| Act of one organism consuming another | Predation |
| The close relationship that exists when two or more species live together | Symbiosis |
| Relationship when two or more organisms that live closely together and benefit from one another | Mutualism |
| Lichens are an example of a(n)... | Mutualistic relationship |
| Relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor hurt | Commensalism |
| The clown fish and the sea anemone are an example of a(n)... | Commensalistic relationship |
| A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another | Parasitism |
| Ability to cause change | Energy |
| Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, simply ___ through carious cycles within an ecosystem | Transformed |
| Capture energy making it available for all members of a food web | Autotrophs |
| Organism that gets its energy requirements by consuming other organisms | Heterotroph |
| Heterotroph that eats only plants | Herbivore |
| Heterotroph that eats only meat | Carnivore |
| Heterotroph that east plans and meat | Omnivore |
| The foundation of all ecosystems | Autotrophs |
| Eat fragments of dad matter in the ecosystem, recycling nutrients | Detritivores |
| Break down dead organisms by releasing digestive enzymes, such as fungus | Decomposers |
| Each step in a food chain or food web | Trophic level |
| Simple model showing how energy flows through an ecosystem | Food chain |
| Complex model showing the many interconnected pathways in which energy flows through a group of ecosystems | Food web |
| A model which shows the relationships between organisms within an ecosystem is an example of ___ data | Qualitative |
| A model which shows the biomass present in each trophic level is an example of ___ data. | Quantitative |
| Used to show how energy flows through an ecosystem or to show the relative biomass or numbers of organisms in each trophic level | Ecological pyramid |
| Total mass of living matter at each trophic level | Biomass |
| Biomass ___ as trophic levels increase | Decrease |
| Essential nutrients are cycled through ___ processes | Biogeochemical |
| Anything that has mass or takes up space | Matter |
| Chemical substance that an organism must obtain from its environment | Nutrient |
| Series of events that occur in a regular repeating pattern | Cycle |
| Exchange of matter through the biosphere | Biogeochemical cycle |
| Scientist who studies water processes | Hydrologist |
| Organisms cannot live without ___ | Water |
| Natural cycle by which water is continuously cycles through the biosphere | Water cycle |
| Describes carbon moving from the abiotic to the biotic parts of the ecosystem | Carbon cycle |
| ___ is used and reuses as it is cycled continuously through the biosphere with the help of plants converting it from an unusable form into a usable form | Nitrogen cycle |
| Process of capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants | Nitrogen fixation |
| Some soil bacteria convert fixed nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas and return it into the atmosphere | Denitrification |
| A mineral with a short-term and long-term cycle and is an important factor that limits the growth of producers | Phosphorus |
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SavannahElkins
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