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NUR121 Exam 1
NUR121 Exam One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ac | before meal |
| QD | daily |
| q2h | every 2 hours |
| gtt | drops |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| AD | right ear |
| AS | left ear |
| HS | history |
| TID | three times a day |
| PRN | as needed |
| cap | capsule |
| PO | per mouth |
| STAT | immediately |
| BID | twice a day |
| IV | intravenous |
| R | right |
| ss | signs and symptoms |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| IM | intramuscular |
| contain codeine or Vicodin, cause drowsiness, constipation, N, risk for addiction | antitussives-narcotic |
| ingrediet added in combo cold/cough med | antitussives-non narcotic dextromethorphan(DM) |
| anti inflammatory effect, decrease local congestion, decrease resistance to inf, masks ss of inf | intranasal steroids Flonase, |
| Sudafed, vasoconstrictor, relives nasal congestion, reoubed vasodilation (increased congestion). dont use with glaucoma, HTN heart disease | decongestants-Sudafed(pseudoephedrine), Afrin |
| decrease viscosity of resp secretions, can use increase fluid intake, humidifier | expectorants-Robitussin (guaifenesin) |
| central: cough center in brain (DM&narcotics); peripheral: anesthetize stretch receptors in resp tract (Tessalon); local: sooth irritated areas of throat (cough drops) | antitussives |
| Nursing process | assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation |
| 6 rights | data, dose, person, route, documentation |
| levels of authority | federal, state, agency |
| drug categories | controlled substances, prescription meds, OTC |
| first line tx for common health problems | OTC |
| drug that causes dependence of physical and psychological | controlled substances |
| higher dose needed for similar results | tolerance |
| how many schedule drugs and what is the hightest for potential abuse | 5, schedule 1 |
| schedule ! | heroin, LSD |
| scheduleII | morphine, demerol |
| schedule III | vicodin, tylenol w codine |
| scheduleIV | valium |
| schedule V | robitussin ac |
| posession of controlled substance | locked, sign for each dose/waste, inspect/count carefully. Nurse possession only if its the pt, giving med and transporting med |
| standing O | same |
| single O | one time |
| STAT O | now |
| PRN O | as needed or pt request |
| drug fits site well,, response is good | agonist |
| drug attaches to site, stays inactive (plugs the hole - stops action) | antagonist |
| how drug enters body fluids depends on... | absorption-solubility, route, blood flow |
| drugs metabolize in the | liver |
| drugs are excreted by | kidneys, feces, sweat, tears, saliva |
| how long it takes to metabolize and excrete 50% of the dug from the body | half life |
| entral | oral |
| perentral | blood thru artery/vein |
| percutaneous | under skin |
| drug has met therapeutic goal | desired effect |
| drug affected another system | side effects |
| drug caused severe ss | adverse effects |
| drug caused life threatening allergic response | anaphylactic response |
| drug effect greater than 1 alone or doubles | additive |
| 1 drug interferes with another | antagonistic |
| drugs mixed together react chemically | incompatibility |
| patient variables that affect amount of drug used | wt, age, illness, preg, genetics |
| sympathetic effect | dilates bronchi, decreases secretions, edema |
| parasympathetic effect | constricts bronchi, increases secretions. avoid w asthma or COPD |
| causes inflammatory response | histamine |
| drug that blocks action of histamine | anti histamine - drowsiness, hyper/hypo tension, tachycardia |
| rebound effect | increase in ss ur trying to get rid of |
| progressive, gradual destruction of alveoli (emphysema) | COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| relaxes smooth muscle cells of bronchi (beta2), constrict bllood vessels (alpha) | sympathomimetics - bronchodilators lower mocuosal edema in bronchi, increase HR/force fo contration |
| relax smooth muscle cells of bronchi/BV in lungs | xanthine derivatives bronchodilators, stim heart/rr/CNS, cause diuresis, direct action on kidneys, release of epinepherine |
| constrict bronchi, increase vascular permeability, mucous secretion | leukotiene receptor inhibitors, singulair; prevents bronchial constriction for chronic asthma |
| block late reaction to allergen, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness | corticosteroids-Flovent, long term asthma, cough, thrush |
| used to tx secondary inf from viral inf | anti infectives need culture and sensitivity first to ID organism |
| grows because we are killing something else at the same time | super inf-thrush |
| interferes with mucopeptide cell wall synthesis, broad, gram+/-, before oral surgery | penicillins - alpha, beta strep, gonoreaha, staph |
| penicillins interactions | bacteriostatic antibiotics, ampicillin, oral contras, antacids decrease absorption, throw labs off |
| disrupts multiplication (kills cell) disrupts DNA/RNA synthesis | antibiotics |
| bacteriostatic, wide range, inhibits folic acid synthesis | sulfonamides, acute ur inf, strep, anthrax. take w trimethoprim to prevent impared renal func |
| sulfonomides drug interactions | potentiates the effect of ral anti coagulant, antagonistic/decrease effect of local anistetic, antacid decrease absorp, lots of water to prevent crystalization, sun, empty stomach |
| newest meds, better on resistant orgs, cost more, gram- | higher generation meds |
| meds more effective on gram+ orgs | lower generation |
| broad spectrum antibiotics and adverse reactions | erythromycin-gi distress, hearing loss, liver tox; clindamycin-colitis; vancomysin-oto tox |
| disease caused by microbacterium, | tuberculosis |
| med used to prevent TB | Chemoprophylaxis: isoniazid x 1yr, B6 for deficiencies, |
| med used to tx TB | chemotherapy: isoiazid & Rifampin x2-3xwkx9mths to prevent resistance |
| destroy the invading ameba in intestinal lumen, extraintestinal site, liver | amebicides-flagyl, no alco causes N/V, wash hands, check for worms in feces |
| infestation by worms through contaminated food, unwashed hands, or the skin | helminthiasis-pin, round, hook, tape, whipworms |
| drug blocks glucose uptake | antihelminitcs-Vermox, tremors, N/V, interfears w labs, wash hands, boil cloths x2wks |
| infectious febrile disease caused by the protozoan plasmodium transmitted by misquito | malaria, f, ha, n, like fluplaquenil, disrupts DNA repli, used for rheumotoid arth, ringing in ears, vision changes |
| drug lessens the symptoms of viral diseases | anti viral-Zovirax, herpes |
| viruses that contain RNA rather than DNA as their genetic material | retroviruses-HIV |
| anti-retrovial meds stop the production of new retroviruses by preventing duplication | slows growth of virus, dont give w any other med, neuropathies |
| drugs that tx mycotic (yeast) inf | Nizoral, Diflucan- |
| what type of med can cause severe superinf when given w anti-fungal? | corticosteroids, steroid therapy |
| meds cause vasodialatin leading to increase of O2 delivery, relieve pain, damage | anti-anginal |
| duretic decrese o@ consumption on a/v, increased O2 suply to heart on coronary arteries. | nitrates |
| relieve pain during acute attack | repid acting nitroglycerin |
| prevents/decrease attacks of angina, c | long acting NTG paste, NitoDur (patch), NitroBid (oral) |
| blocks trans of chloride, sodium and pot in thick asending loop | loop diuretics-Lasix, hypocalemia, eat K= rich foods |
| block sympathetic response, plug adrenergic receptors (alphs/beta) of SNS | Adrenergic inhibitors-decresae HR, BP, prevent v narrowing, stops constriction |
| excrete H20, saves Potasium | potassium-sparing diruetics-hyperkalemia, sex diysfunc, englement of breast |
| beta aderenergic blockers | selective- (beta 1) - Lopressor; non-selective (beta 1/2)-Inderal; drugs end in olol. can decrease p/ bp, heart failure, wheezing, dizziness |
| vascular, by inhibiting passage of extracellular calcium ions thru canells in the cell membrane (cardiac, vascular and smooth muscle cells) | Ca Channel Blockers-Calan, Cardizem, Norvasc, lower BP/HR, check pulse before taking |
| prevent formation of blood clots by interfering with clotting mechanism of blood | anticoagulants, bleeding, interfear w clotting cascade (12 steps) |
| interferes w vit K, so prothrombin is not formed, long term, oral, lab PT/INR antidote:vitK (IM) | Coumadin |
| prevents fibrin formation, short term, units, SC/IV, lab PTT(ACT) antidote: protamine SO4 (inj) | Heparin |
| no cabbage, brocolli, dk leafies, green tea, NSAIDS or ASA | anticoagulants |
| stopping progression of HA and strokes from clot (actually dissove the clot) | thrombolytics:clot busters, cant b given c anti coag |
| inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce thrombus formation, prevent further probs | anti-platelet agents-ASA, Plavix |
Created by:
vstein
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