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Biology chp 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define abiotic synthesis. | one time spontaneous generation event |
| Define goiters. | Iodine deficiency |
| Name the 4 characteristics of Elements. | 1. Fundamental basis of matter 2. Cannot be broken down 3. 92 occur naturally on earth 4. Each is composed of 1 atom type |
| Define matter. | Anything that takes up mass and sapce |
| 96% of living things contain____. | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon |
| The other 4% is ___. | Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, and Potassium |
| An atom is the ___. | Smallest particle that retain properties of an element, and consists of subatomic particles. |
| The atomic # tells us how many ___ are in an element. | protons |
| The superscript, mass #, represents ____. | the sum of the protons and neutrons |
| Measurement used for mesasuring atoms. | Dalton |
| Define orbitals. | Electrons move around atomic nuclei in specific regions |
| Each orbital can hold up to ___. | 2 electrons |
| Orbitals are grouped into shells called___. | Electron shells |
| Define valence. | the # of unpaired electrons |
| What happens when covalent bonds form? | Electrons are shared between nuclei. |
| Chemical bonds | 1.Fill vacancies 2. covalent or ionic bonds |
| Ionic bonds are the___ of all bonds. | Most stable |
| Define ions. | charged atoms or molecules |
| Energy is the ___. | Capacity to do work |
| Name a potential energy type. | Chemical (stored in bonds) |
| 2 types of kinetic energy. | Thermal and Heat |
| Study of energy. | Thermodynamics |
| 1st law of thermodynamics states that: | Energy cannot be created nor destroyed only tranferring or transforming |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | Natural tendency toward disorder or entropy |
| Endergonic Reactions | 1.Require energy input 2. nonspontaneous rxn |
| Water is important b/c | 1. essential to life 2. 66% of your body is made up of water 3. excellent solvent 4. exists in 3 physical states |
| Properties of water. | 1. Polarity * 2. solvent 3. cohesion 4. temperature stabilization |
| Hydrophilic is to ion and polar molecules as Hydrophobic is to ____. | nonpolar bonds |
| Acid releases H+ where as bases___. | Accepts H+ |
| What makes carbon important for life's molecules? | can bond up to 4 atoms and covalent bonds |
| Characteristics of Isomers. | 1. Same molecular formula, different structure 2. Geometric 3. Optical isomers (mirror image) |
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