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Chem Part 2-2011
Chemistry Chapter 3 Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| movemement of substances through the cell membrane without using energy | passive transport |
| type of passive transport; movement of molecules other than water from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration in order to reach EQUILIBRIUM | diffusion |
| an example of this is when O2 molecules leave blood cells that just passed through the lungs to enter blood cells that are low in O2. | diffusion |
| movemement of WATER from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a cell membrane | osmosis |
| water enters and leaves a cell at the same rate b/c the water concentration is equal inside and outside the cell; the cell is stable and in equilibrium | isotonic solution |
| there is a greater concentration of water INSIDE the cell vs outside the cell so water LEAVES the cell to try to reach equilibrium | hypertonic solution |
| a salt solution is this....causes water to leave the cell and the cell becomes dehydrated | hypertonic solution |
| greater concentration of water molecules OUTSIDE the cell so more water ENTERS the cell | hypotonic solution |
| distilled water is a ______________ solution; causes the cell to burst while it tries to brng in enough water to reach equilibrium | hypotonic |
| molecules that are too large to pass across the cell membrane use ______________ _____________. this uses transport molecules to help them cross the membrane without energy | facilitated diffusion |
| energy is needed to move molecules across a cell membrane | active transport |
| needed to move molecules from an area of LOW to HIGH concentration | active transport |
| needed to move molecules that are too large and can not use transport molecules in facilitated diffusion | active transport |
| type of active transport where part of the cell membrane forms a vesicle around a particle and brings it into the cell | endocytosis |
| type of active transport where a vesicle is filled with particles, moves to the cell membrane, fuses with it and releases its contents to the outside. | exocytosis |
| the golgi apparatus/golgi bodies use this type of transportation to move modified proteins and lipids out of the cell | exocytosis |
| all chemical reactions in an organism | metabolism |
| a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself. can be used over and over again | enzyme |
| the molecule that an enzyme attaches to and is then changed into 2 new substances | substrate |
| light energy is converted into chemical energy | photosynthesis |
| producers use the sun during this process to make their own energy | photosynthesis |
| plants use __________________ to absorb sunlight. | chlorophyll |
| Know the equation for photosynthesis from your notes | yes. Mrs. Fabish I will know the equation for photosynthesis that is in my notes |
| chemical reactions that break down glucose into simpler substances and release stored energy | cellular respiration |
| this process starts in the cytoplasm and is finished in the MITOCHONDRIA | cellular respiration |
| each time a __________________ molecule is broken down, energy stored in its bonds is released in the form of ATP | glucose |
| Know the equation for cellular respiration that is in your notes | yes, Mrs. Fabish. I will memorize the equation for cellular respiration that is in my notes. |
| this breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm and does NOT move into the mitochondria | fermentation |
| fermentation is the breakdwon of glucose that occurs when ________________ is not present | oxygen |
| does not release as much energy as cellular respiration | fermentation |
| formed in muscles after exercise when cells are deprived of oxygen and still need to breakdown glucose for energy; can lead to sore muscles | lactic acid |
| lactic acid is formed by ____________ and are used to make yougurt and cheese | bacteria |
| photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together. The substances made in one process are needed for the next. True or False? | True |
| this organelle makes proteins | ribosomes |
| in this organelle sunlight is absorbed | chloroplasts |
| in this organelle lipids and proteins are modified and shipped out of the cell | golgi bodies |
| without oxygen, the breakdown of glucose occurs here | cytoplasm |
| in the presence of oxygen, glucose is broken in this organelle | mitochondria |
| mixture in which substances can fall out/or separate | suspension |
| these organic compounds have more energy stored in their bonds but the bonds are harder to break down | lipids |
| these organic compounds are what the cells break down first because they get more usuable energy from them | carbohydrates |
| a group in which nothing is changed;used for comparison | control group |
| group that has a variable is changed | experimental group |
Created by:
rfabish
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