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Part #1

cells

QuestionAnswer
What is the 6 functions of cells? basic unit of life, protection and support, movement, communication, metabolism, inheritance
What is an organelle? specialized part of a cell performing one or more specific functions
What is the cell membrane/plasma membrane? outermost component of the cell, surrounding and binding the rest of the cell contents
What is the extracellular substance? refers to the outside of the cell
What is the intracellular substance? refers to the inside of the cell
What is the mosaic model? model used to show the structure and function of the cell membrane
What is the nucleus? cell organelle containing most of the genetic material of the cell; center of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons; collection of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system.
What is the nucleolus? rounded, dense, well-defined nuclear bodies with no surrounding membrane; subunits of ribosomes are manufactured within the nucleolus.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? contains ribosomes (manufactures proteins)
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? lacks ribosomes (lipid synthesis)
What is the golgi apparatus? stacks of flattened sacks, formed by membranes, that collect, modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids.
What are lysosomes? membrane-bound vesicle containing intracellular digestive enzymes
What is the mitochondrion? small, spherical, rod-shaped or thin filamentous structure in the cytoplasm that is a major site of ATP production
What are the microtubules? hollow tube composed of tubulin; microtubules help provide support to the cytoplasm of the cell and are components of certain cell organelles such as cilia and flagella
What is the cilia? a mobile extension of a cell surface, varies from one to thousands per cell, and contains specialized microtubules enclosed by the cell membrane.
What is the flagella? whiplike locomotor organelle similar to cilia except longer, and there is usually one per sperm cell
What is the microvilli? help with movement, increase surface area
What are the ribosomes? organelles where proteins are produced and synthesized.
What is the cytoskeleton? a network of long protein strands that give a cell its shape and size.
four ways molecules can pass through the cell membrane? directly through, membrane channels, carrier molecules, vesicles.
solution solid, liquid or gas consisted of one or more substances.
solutes substance that is dissolved.
solvent the substance that does the dissolving.
diffusion the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.
concentration gradient measure of the difference in the concentration of solutes in a solvent.
osmosis the process in which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration.
osmotic pressure required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
hypotonic solution that causes cells to swell.
isotonic no swell or shrink in cells.
hypertonic solution that causes cells to shrink.
facilitated diffusion carrier mediated process that does not require ATP and moves from higher area of concentration to lower area of concentration.
active transport carrier mediate process that requires ATP and can move substances into or out of cells from lower to higher concentration.
sodium potassium exchange pump 3 sodium ions and ATP bind to carrier molecule, ATP breaks down to ADP, phosphate releases energy, carrier molecule changes shape and NA ions are transported across, they diffuse an two potassium ions bind to the carrier, phosphate is released, K across
endocytosis bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by taking it into a vesicle.
exocytosis elimination of material through the formation of vesicles
glycolysis anerobic process during which one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvic acid molecules; a net of two ATP molecules is produced
aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and 38 ATP molecules
anerobic respiration breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and two ATP molecules
Created by: tschwab
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