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Biology PP22

Transcription and Translation

QuestionAnswer
RNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes the transcription reaction
promoter sequences determine what? What, Where, and How Much the gene is transcribed
Where do RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to? promoter region
What bind a promoter? RNA polymerase and transcription factors
activators increase transcription
repressors block transcription
Describe Transcription (blank)
What does translation require? tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, plus amnio acids and energy
what is ribosome made of? mostly of rRNA + small proteins
are most enzyme proteins? yes
what is the catalyst for translation? ribosome
what does tRNA do? bring amino acids to the ribosome
anticodon complementary to the codon on mRNA
AUG (initiation codon) marks the beginning of translation
promoter region of DNA where transcription is initiated
explain elongation tRNA goes to A site and its anticodon hooks to mRNA codon. Amino acid of tRNA in P site hooks on to 2nd tRNA; 1st tRNA unhooks and 2nd tRNA moves to P site
dehydration take monomer and make polymer
explain termination (blank)
What are the stop codons? UAA, UAG, UGA
what are genes compose of? exons and introns
exons nucleotides sequence that are transcribed and translated
Introns transcribed not translated
What's the percent of gene that is not translated? 90%
Does bacteria and mitochondria have introns? no
why do we need introns? allow exons to mix and match for new functions.
what are pre-mRNA composed of? exons and introns
Is 90% of a gene introns or extrons? introns
how can different combinations of exons generate different protein? through alternative splicing
3 things that are done to mRNA before it leaving the nucleus 1) splice introns (cut out) 2) put on 5' cap 3) 3' tail
5'cap help ribosomal subunit attach
tail protect RNA
Created by: Tiffastic
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