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Biology PP 18-19

inheritance and variation

QuestionAnswer
What law says that individuals are diploid? Law of segregation
what law says that two alleles of a gene separate when forming gametes? law of segregation
what say says gametes combine randomly in forming offspring? law of segregation
what law says alleles of genes located on different chromosomes (unlinked) are inherited independently? law of independent assortment
"medelian" traits cause by a single gene in a dominant/recessive relationship
are you considered a carrier if you carry two mutants alleles? (aka two bad alleles?) No, you are considered affected
pedigrees famly trees that identify individuals with the disease/trait
the factors that can disguise Mendelian segregation of alleles incomplete dominance; codominance; environmental effects; pleiotropic effects; epistasis; continuous variation; chromosomal linkage; sex linkage
incomplete dominance when an offspring's phenotype is in between the phenotypes of its parents (like pink snapdragons)
codominance produce a heterozygote phenotype that is a combination of the two homozygotes
multiple alleles many alleles for a particular gene
I^A (for blood type A) adds galactosamine
I^B (for blood type B) adds galactose
i (for O blood type) adds neither sugar
pleiotropic One gene, many phenotypes. Alleles that have more than one phenotypic effect
epistasis interaction between two genes where one of them modifies the phenotypic expression of the other
polygenic inheritance one characteristic, many genes. These genes contribute to the phenotype. The result is continuous variation (like different shades of skin color)
multifactorial polygenic + environmental
name some multifactorial traits skin, cancer, diabetes, heart disease
name some polygenic inheritance skin color, eye color
Created by: Tiffastic
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