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ETM Skeleton Overvie
Overview of the skeleton for exercise to music qualification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the skeletal system | The body's framework of bone, joints and cartilage |
| The skeleton is divided into two parts, please define | Axial Skeleton: The skull, ribs and spine Appendicular: Upper and lower limbs (arms and legs), and the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton (pelvic and pectoral girdles) |
| The skeleton has five main functions, what are they? | Movement, mineral storage, protection, shape, blood cell production |
| How many bones exist within the spinal column? | 33 individual bones |
| What are the different sections of the spine? | Cervical (7 bones), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), fused sacral bones (5), and fused coccygeal bones (4). |
| An exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine is defined as? | Lordosis |
| What is Kyphosis? | Exaggerated rounding or hump in the thoracic vertebrae |
| What are the two main factors thought to cause exaggerated curvatures of the spine? | Genetics and lifestyle |
| What is Scoliosis? | Sideways or lateral curvature of the spine |
| Bone is a type of connective tissue. What is a connective tissue? | a tissue that connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs |
| Name 5 types of connective tissue | Blood, Bone, Dense connective tissue (ligaments and tendons), Cartilage, Lymph |
| Name the four types of bones | long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones |
| Benefits of long bones | Slightly curved for strength which helps to absorb the stress of the body |
| Describe short bones and give an example | Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width. E.g Carpals (wrist) or tarsals (foot) |
| What are the characteristics of flat bones? | Generally thin and protect internal organs, they also provide extensive areas for muscle attachment. |
| Irregular bones like those in the spinal column could be described as ..... in shape. | complex |
| Cartilage becomes bone as calcium and magnesium salts are laid down in a framework of protein fibres. What is this process known as? | ossification |
| Which cells does the body use to remodel our bones? | Osteoclasts (bone clearers) Osteoblasts (bone builders) |
| What is bone remodelling stimulated by? | Remodelling is stimulated by weight bearing activity and affected by growth spurts, older age, diet, hormonal status, injury and disability. |
| What is diaphysis? | shaft of the bone |
| What is periosteum? | a hard protective fibrous sheath, containing a rich supply of blood vessels |
| Where is epiphysis found? | At the end of bone, designed to withstand compression forces |
| What is an epiphyseal plate? | It is a growth plate that closes and is replaced with solid bone once a child stops growing |
| The medullary cavity contains which substance important in the production of red blood? | bone marrow |
| What does the articular cartilage cover? | the top of each epiphysis |
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