Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GRCC B121 Ch 2
GRCC B121 Ch2 - chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Molecules | Organic molecules, Isomers, Monomers, Polymer |
| Organic Molecules | Compounds with Carbon and hydrogen that are synthesized by cells. |
| Isomers | Compounds with identical formulas bur different structure and therefore different reactions. |
| Monomers | A single chemical unit. |
| Examples of a monomer | nucleotides, glucose, amino acids. |
| Polymers | A long chain of identical (or very similar) monomers. |
| Example of polymer | Proteins and carbs. |
| How are polymers made from monomers and vice versa? | Polymer synthesis and decomposition. |
| Dehydration (Synthesis) | Bonding monomers together to form a polymers by removing water from a bond. |
| Hydrolysis (decomposition) | Breaking polymers into monomers by adding water to a bond. |
| Dehydration = | Synthesis |
| Removing water to form a polymer | Dehydration/synthesis |
| Adding water to break down polymer into a monomer | Hydrolysis/Decomposition |
| Decomposition = | Hydrolysis |
| e.g. of decomposition (hydrolysis) | Digestion. Bond break when adding water. |
| e.g. of dehydration (synthesis) | Startch formation. Bonds made by removing water. |
| Biological Polymers | Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins |
| Carbohydrates | composed of saccharide (sugar) monomers. |
| Contains CHO in fixed ratio of 1:2:1 | Carbohydrates |
| Sugar, starch, and cellulose | Examples of Carbs |
| Saccharide Bonding | Monosaccharide, Disachharide, Polysaccharide |
| Monosaccharide | One monomer |
| e.g. of monosaccharide | Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose (RNA Sugar). |
| Disaccharide | 2 monomers formed together to form a polymer by the removal of water (dehydration) |
| Examples of disaccharide | Sucrose, maltose, |
| Disaccharides (sucrose and maltose) | Water is removed to form this sugar. |
| Galactose & Glucose = Lactose | Disaccharide |
| Polysaccharide | 3 or more monomers |
| Starch, cellulose fibers, and glycogen | Polysaccharide |
| What are the building blocks of fat molecules (lipids)? | Glycerol and fatty acid chains. |
| Glycerol and fatty acid chains | Lipids |
| Lipids Form | Fats an oils, steroids, phospholipids, waxes. |
| Fats | solid |
| Oils | Liquid |
| How many calories in Lipids as CHO | 9.5 kcal/g |
| How many calories in Proteins | 4.1 kcal/g |
| Made from glycerol and fatty acids | Fat and Oils |
| A gram of fat stores is 2 times as much energy as what? | a gram of polysaccharide such as starch! |
| What is from animal source | saturated fatty acids |
| Saturated fats | All C bonded with maximum number of Hydrogen. |
| Liquid at room temperature and from plant sources | Unsaturated fatty acids |
| Steroid | Four ringed lipids- |
| Four ringed lipids examples | Cholesterol and sex hormones. |
| Solid at room temperature | Saturated fats |
| Saturated fats | All hydrogen bond sites are saturated |
| If all hydrogen bonds site are saturated, can they accept more Hydrogen? | No. Because all the bond sites are saturated. |
| Examples of saturated fats | Butter, margarine, lard, tropical oils (coconut, pam, date) |
| Triglycerides good or bad | Bad |
| Lactose intolerant | Missing enzyme to break bond |
| Maltose | glucose and glucose |
| Fiber | Non- digestable. |
| Maximum H not bonded to C. | unsaturated fats |
| Unsaturated fats | Has more bonding sites for hydrogen and can accept more hydrogen. |
| Steroids | Four ring lipids |
| Phospholipids | Similar to fats but contain phosphorus (and 2 fatty acids instead of 3) |
| Example of this type of phospholipids | Cell membranes |
| What type of lipid is a cell membrane | Phospholipids |
| what type of lipid contains One fatty acid and alcohol. | Waxes |
| Proteins | Composed of linked amino acid monomers |
| Protein functional classes | Structural, contractile, storage, defensive, transport, signal, enzyme. |
| Protein functional class: structural | hair, tendons, fingernails. |
| Is protein living? | It is a non living molecule |
| Protein functional class: contractile | muscle action |
| Protein functional class: storage | albumin; helps move small molecules like calcium, progesterone, etc thru the blood. |
| Where is albumin found? | eggwhites and in our blood. |
| Protein functional class: defensive | antibodies; recognize and destroy foreign substances that enter onto/into body. |
| Protein functional class: transport | hemoglobin; transport oxygen in the blood & muscles |
| Protein functional class: signal | Hormones that send signals to trigger a response ; chemical messengers |
| Protein functional class: enzyme | catalyze chemical reaction without becoming a part of the reaction. |
| Building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| Peptide Bonding | The bonding of amino acid monomers to each other by a covalent bond via dehydration synthesis. |
| Dipeptide | a chain of two amino acids |
| Polypeptide | A chain of 3 or more amino acid chains. |
| Protein is a three dimensional structure that are assembled from ______ ______ of amino acids connected by ______ _____. | simple chains, peptid bonds |
| Peptide bonding of amino acid monomers to each other by a covalent bond vis | Dehydration synthesis (the losing of water) |
| How many levels of structure does protein have? | Four |
| Amino acid arrangement of protein defines what? | The function |
| Proteins dimensional structure: primary | Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. |
| Proteins dimensional structure: secondary | polypeptide chain either forms a Helix or pleating shapes |
| Proteins dimensional structure: Tertiary | Overall 3D shape of protein |
| Proteins dimensional structure:Quaternary | intertwining of 2 or more polypeptide chains |
| Hgb has 4 poly peptide chains | Examples Proteins dimensional structure:Quaternary |
| Denaturing of nucleic acids | A change in dimensional structure |
| Nucleic acids | Composed of linked nucleotide monomers. |
| Nucleotide | Sugar + phosphate + N base (thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil) |
| Carries instructions that control cells activities by encoding the amino acid sequences of protein. | Nucleic Acids |
| Known as building blocks | nucleotides |
| What type of bonds hold together proteins | H bonds |
| Denaturing nucleic acids: Boiling an egg | Heat destroys the H bond, the albumin 3D structure changes form and therefore changes its function. |
| Denaturing nucleic acids: Perms | Hair is protein, chemicals break the H bond, changing the stucture, put curlers in and voila, you have curly hair. |
| Denaturing nucleic acids: fever | Body's last resort in fighting off foreign/pathogenic substances..body heats up and breaks H bonds from pathogens = pathogen death |
| What temp should adults be given meds? | 101 degrees farenheit |
| Side effect of high fever | not only kill pathogens, but will kiss proteins. |
| at what temp do brain cells die? | 104 or more- this is when neuroproteins breakdown. |
| Polynucleotids | Forms of nucleic acids. |
| Forms of nucleic acids: RNA | Single helix; single strands of nucleotide monomers and ribose sugars in cytoplasm |
| forms of nucleic acids: DNA | Double strand of nucleotides monomers and deoxyribose sugar insde nucleus tells cell how to make proteins which lead to; AKA blue print |
| This is the basic living unit of organization. | Cell Theory |
| Cell theory | All organisms are composed of one or more cells |
| All cells areise from pre-existing cells | Cell theory states this |
| how many things do we need to know about cell theory | 3 things. |
Created by:
Wends1984
Popular Nursing sets