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Vocab List 3
words from vocab list 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protein | A Macromolecule, composed of CHONS, made of amino acids, has peptide bonds, has folding |
| Enzymes | Proteins, Critical to metabolism |
| Actin and Myosin | Structural proteins |
| Receptor Proteins | Receive Information from outside of cell |
| Transport Protein | Allows/Restricts movement of substances in and out of cells |
| Hormones | (Not all hormones are proteins, but some are) Chemical messenger that acts on distant target cells, ex. Insulin |
| Nucleic Acids | A Macromolecule, what DNA and RNA are made of, made of nucleotides |
| Nucleotides | nits of nucleic acids, include a sugar, a phosphate, and nitrogenous bases, attached by phosphodiester bonds |
| Phosphodiester Bonds | Type of covalent bonds that attach nucleotides |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, Single Stranded, (3 Types) |
| MRNA | Type of RNA, codes for proteins |
| TRNA | Type of RNA, brings amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis |
| RRNA | Structural part of ribosome |
| Ribosome | Made of RRNA and protein |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, Double stranded, Anti-parallel strands, Contains genes/genetic blueprint |
| Genes | Code for proteins |
| Purines | Bases with 2 rings: Adenine and guanine, Larger |
| Pyrimidines | Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil, Smaller |
| Lipid | A Macromolecule, Large and Hydrophobic, made of CHO (ex. Fats, oils, fatty acids, triglycerides) |
| Triglycerides | Fats and oils, store energy, Glycerol plus 3 fatty acid molecules |
| Glycerol | 3 Hydrophilic Hydroxyl groups |
| Fatty Acids | Carboxyl group and long hydrocarbon chain |
| Hydrophobic Effect | (Also called “Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Interactions”) Hydrophobic molecules are attracted to other hydrophobic molecules, hydrophilic molecules are attracted to other hydrophilic molecules |
| Saturated Fats | Solid at room temperature, Single bonds, easy to “pack in” |
| Unsaturated Fats | Liquid at room temperature (At least one double or triple bond), adds kink in molecule |
| Phospholipids | Component of membrane, make up phospholipid bilayer, has glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate group, polar head group |
| Steroids | Type of lipid, 4 rings and side chain, component of membranes, hormones |
| Cell | Smallest unit of life |
| Prokaryotic Cell | Non membrane-bound nucleus |
| Eukaryotic Cell | Have true nucleus |
| Plasma Membrane | Separates living environment from non living environment |
| Nucleoid Region | Where DNA is in Prokaryotes |
| Fission | Asexual Reproduction, little to no sexual recombination |
| Membrane | Phospholipid Bilayer, Allows things in and out of cell |
| Nucleus | “Brain” of cell, has DNA in Chromatin in Eukaryotes, Double membrane, nuclear pores, nucleolus |
| Mitochondrion | Makes energy for the cell, has a liquid part where Krebs Cycle happens, has DNA, ribosomes, responsible for cell respiration |
| Christae | Folded inner membrane site of Electron Transport Chain |
| Chloroplasts | Like a solar generator for plants |
| Thylakoid | Green photosynthetic membrane, where Light Reactions take place |
| Stroma | Liquid part, responsible for Calvin Cycle, has DNA, ribosomes |
| Grana | Stacks of Thylakoids |
| Endosymbiosis Theory | Mitochondrion and Chloroplasts are all derived from small bacteria that were engulfed by larger bacteria during evolution of Eukaryotic cells |
Created by:
cekazmer
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