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ETM Energy Systems
Energy systems for exercise to music qualification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does energy come from? | Energy comes from the food we eat. In the form of Carbohydrates, Fat and Protein. |
| How is energy provided by Carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose which can be used to produce ATP. 55-60pc of our energy comes from carbohydrates. |
| How is energy provided by Fat? | Fat is broken down into fatty acids and used to produce ATP |
| How is energy provided by Protein? | Protein can be broken down to amino acids to produce energy. However this only occurs during endurance events. |
| Describe the ATP cycle | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has special high energy bonds between the phosphate groups. When these are broken energy is produced. ATP becomes ADP which is then re synthesised into ATP by a 'coupled reaction' |
| What are the two energy systems that do not require oxygen? | 1. Phosphocreatine (PCr) system 2. Lactic Acid system |
| If ATP is produced without the presence of oxygen it is termed.......? | Anaerobic |
| What are the benefits of the Phosphocreatine system in producing energy? | 1. Produces ATP immediately 2. Back up system 3. Used in explosive sports |
| What are the limitations associated with the Phosphocreatine system? | 1. Stores of phosphocreatine (the fuel of the PCr system) are limited. 2 Only supplies enough energy for 6-10secs of high intensity work 2. There is only enough energy for 6-10 secs and at that point the body must use another energy system. |
| Where does the body get the energy to create ATP for instantaneous bursts of energy? | Creatine phosphate has high energy bonds that release energy when broken down, which is used to re synthesise ATP. This is the PCr energy system. |
| What is anaerobic glycolysis? | The breakdown of glycogen to- pyruvate- ATP. A by product of this process is lactic acid which leads to muscle fatigue. |
| Which sports utilise the Lactic Acid Energy system? | The Lactic acid system provides energy for very quick bursts of high intensity activity (approx 90secs). e.g 400 metres, repetitions to failure. |
| Which fuels are used by the Aerobic System? | A mixture of glucose and fatty acids are used as fuels in this process. Amino acids can also be used when carbohydrate stores are low. |
| What is a mitochondria? | The mitochondria contain special enzymes needed by the cell to use oxygen in the production of energy (the powerhouse). |
| What is aerobic glycolysis? | Aerobic glycolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen, therefore producing waste products of CO2 and water, rather than lactic acid. |
| Swimming, cycling and walking are examples of activities that use which energy system? | Aerobic Glycolysis |
| Name the three energy systems used by the body in producing energy. | Aerobic Glycolysis, Anaerobic Glycolysis (Lactic Acid), Phosphocreatine |
| Which 3 factors determine the energy system used by the body? | 1 Intensity, 2 Duration, 3 Activity type |
| Where is glycogen stored? | Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles. |
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