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Chapter 6 HB
Skeletal System Bones and Joints Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of Skeletal system | movement |
| long bones | bones that are longer than they are wide |
| short bones | patella |
| irregular bones | bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. |
| epiphysis | the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft. |
| diaphysis | the shaft or central part of a long bone. |
| Articular cartilage | flexible connective tissue found in many areas |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
| medularry cavity | is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow |
| red marrow | ound mainly in the flat bones such as hip bone, breast bone, skull, ribs, vertebrae and shoulder blades, and in the cancellous ("spongy") material |
| yellow marrow | marrow that is involved in fat storage as opposed |
| periosteum | a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones |
| endosteum | a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity |
| lamelle | a plate-like structure in an animal |
| osteocytes | a star-shaped cell, is the most abundant cell found in compact bone. Cells contain a nucleus and a thin ring of cytoplasm |
| lacunae | a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage. |
| compact bone | one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone |
| central or haversian canal | a relatively narrow tubular passage or channel |
| ossification | the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. |
| foramen | any opening |
| canal or mealus | tunnel |
| fossa | a depression or hollow or a jungle cat. |
| process | a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body |
| articulations or joints | or joint, is where two bones come together. In terms of the amount of movement they allow |
| synorthesis non-moveable | no movement |
| amphiarthesis slightly moveable | little movement |
| diarthresis freely moveable | free movement |
| fibrous joints | are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. |
| sutures | spaces between the bones where the sutures are (sometimes known as "soft spots") are called fontanelles. |
| fontanels | are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through |
| cartilaginous joints | the site of junction or union between bones, especially one that allows motion of the bones |
| fibrocartilage | consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions |
| bursitis | nflammation of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) that lies between a tendon and skin, or between a tendon and bone. |
| bursa | a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid |
| saddle joints | more versatile than either a hinge joint or a gliding joint. it allows movement in two directions |
| hinge joints | a bone joint in which the articular surfaces are molded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in one way |
| menisci | s a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that, in contrast to articular disks |
| pivot joints | allow rotation arround an axis |
| ball and socket joints | hip bone. is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, |
| condyloid joint | an ovoid articular surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity |
| flexion | a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing. |
Created by:
reuvers248
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