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H. Bio 1
Cell Structure and Function, movement, and matabolism
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| 6 functions of the cell | Basic unit of life, protection and support, movement, communication, cell metabolism, and energy release, inheritance |
| cell membrane | outermost component of the cell, is a wall |
| extracellular substance | substance outside the cell |
| intercellular substance | substance in the cell |
| mosaic model | arrangement of molecules in the cell, cell membrane moves like bobbers on water |
| nucleus | brain of cell, DNA |
| nucleolus | site of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein synthesis |
| rough ER | site of Protein synthesis |
| Smooth ER | Site of lipid synthesis |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies protien structure and packages protiens in secretory vesicles |
| lysosomes | contains enzymes that digest material taken into the cell |
| mitochondrion | site of aerobic resporation and the major site of ATP synthesis |
| Microtubuals | holds up the cell |
| cilia | moves substances over surface of cell |
| flagella | on sperm cell surface with one per cell |
| microvilli | extensions of cell surface with many on cell, increase surface area of certain cells |
| ribosomes | cytoplasmic organelle were protein synthesis occurs |
| cytoskeleton | consists of proteins that support the cell, enable the cell to change shape |
| four ways molecules pass through cell membrane | through phospholipid membrane, membrane channels, carrier molecules, and vesicles |
| solution | consists of one or more substances |
| solutes | dissolves into original, added to first substance |
| solvent | substance that the solute is dissolved into, first substance that 2nd is added to, usually larger |
| diffusion | substance spreads throughout evenly |
| concentration gradient | the measure of the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points |
| osmosis | through membrane, ex. air through screen |
| osmotic pressure | the force required to prevent the movement of water across a selective premeable membrane |
| hypotonic | solution usually has a higher of solutes and a lower concentration of water than cytoplasm in the cell |
| Facilitated Diffusion | a mediated transport process that moves substances into or out of cells from a higher or a lower concentration |
| Active Transport | a carrier-meiated process that moves substances from regions of a lower concentration to ones of higher concentration against the gradient |
| Sodium Potassium Pump | moves sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into the cell |
| endocytosis | the cell bring in food and water |
| exocytosis | the cell getting rid of wastes and other bad things |
| glycolysis | the breakdown of sugars by a series of chemical reactions within the cytoplasm of a cell |
| aerobic respiration | breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and approximately 38 ATP molecules |
| anaerobic respiration | breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and two ATP molecules |
| organelles | "little ograns" in the cell |
Created by:
mwwojahn
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