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Psychology began with......
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Psych Exam 1 Mom

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QuestionAnswer
Psychology began with...... Philosophy
Functionalism William James Adopt mental process to survive "makes sense to do something"
Current Defination of Psych The science of mental procesess and behavior
Correlation -8.9 is still bigger than +3.2 - number shows strength
Phernology extremely popularized theory on reading bumps on head to finding personality keys (Suto Science- can't be proved or dis-proved) Very Vague Ghaul
Autonomic Involving things your body does... example, breathing/blinking/digestion/happen automatically/slow heart rate/pupils contract/kidney-liver function
Scientific Method 1. QUESTION 2. HYPOTHESIE 3. test 4. Result
Question- Can have Nature but not nurture TRUE- CAN HAVE NATURE BUT NOT NURTURE
Websters Law Just noticiable difference or differnce threshold
QUESTION- The rat is always right? True- the rat is always right
Central Nervous System Is Brain and Spinal cord
Adaptability modify- adapt to conditions
The Nervous System the bodies electrochemical communications circutary made up with billions of interconnecting cells
Bottom-up Processing Begins with sensory receptors first time inforamation a person is not fam w/
Top Down Processing Higher levels of cognitive processing; information someone is fam w/
Double Blind Procedure Staff/participants are blind to who is receiving what
4 basic sensation when dealing with touch Pressure, Pain, Warmth, Cold
Proximity General assumptions because of placement (teacher sits with students, someone walks in, thinks/assumes teacher is student)
Correlation Span Spans from -1.0 to 1.0
Critical Thinking Smart thinking examines, assumptions discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and asses conclusions
hypothesis Educated guess- testable predictions
Theory explains intergated principles & organizes observations/predicts behavior or events
sampling Techniques case study- survery- naturalistic Observation
Case study examines 1 individ indepth
survey many cases, less depth, people report
Naturalistics recording innat. behavior- Jane Goodell
Correlations Spans from -1.0 to + 1.0 Positive same direction (2 up arrows... 2 down arrows) Negative (1 up arrow, 1 down arrow, 1 down arrow, 1 up arrow) Correlation does not equal causation. Helps predict but doesnt verify
Independent / Dependent Vari Independent cause Dependent Effect. Inn manipulated dep- may change in response to manipulation
varaible
Experimental Design 1 or more variables are manipulated
Double Blind Both staff and participate are blind to who is receiving what
Myelin Insulates axons of some nerons helps speed impulses - multiple scerosis lack of communication with muscles
Action Potential Brief electrical charge that travels down its axon. Fired by nerons
Neural Communications Neural Transmitters when action potential reaches the terimals at the axons end it triggers the release of chemical messenges. Cross synaptic gap & bind to receptors sites on receiving neurons
Reputake Sending neuron reabsorbs extra neurotransmitters
(3) types of nerons sensory, motor an interneurons
Frontal Lobes Behind forehead the personality-muscle movements, making plans/judgements LEFT AND RIGHT
Parietal Lobes (Top and to the rear) Sensory input for touch and body position
Occipital lobes Back of head- receives information from the visual fields
Temporal Lobes Roughly above the ears- Auditory areas
Nature VS Nurture Nature biology & genetics Nurture- how you are shaped by your enviroment
Individualism VS Collectivness ind. more self-centered; care more about yourself than the whole. Collectivism- giving priorites to goals of ones group & defining ones identity accordingly
Sensation Receiving stimilus energy from external eniveronment- you use your senses "you can see it"
Perception Organizing and Interpreting information to give it meaning "The way you see it"
Absolute Thresh hold Minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect something 50 % of the time
Difference Threshold minimum amount of difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time "Just noticable difference)
Types of Receptors Cones and Rodes CONES- 6 mili daylight/well-lit conditions -colour RODS- 120 mili black and white and grey
Parelell Processing Processing many aspects of a problem simulataneously- Natural mode of info process. like computers - step-by-step
Endorphins "Morphin within" Natural Neurs transmitters- pain control & pleasure
Plasticity Ability to change/modify after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
Chromosomes males give 23X Females give 23XY Child has 46. girl: XX Boy XY Composed of DNA- biochemical units that make chromosomes=genes
Mutation random error in gene replication that leads to change
Gender Is biologically 7 socially influenced characterists by which people define male and female- which do you feel like. Sex is how your born
Gender roles what we assign to the sex.. Males hould be non-emotional and tough and girls should be nurturing and emotional
Gender Identity Our sense of being male or female
Natural Selection Survival of the fittest- Charles Darwin- in ordewr to survive you have to adapt. traits that lead to increased survival/reproduction will most likely be passed on. can be nature but not nuture
Sensory Adaption Dulling of the senses after constant stimulation of something
characteristics of the senses
Transduction Conversion of one form of energy into another, Sight, smell, sounds into neutral impulses the brain can interpret
Vestibular sense Sense of body movement and position including balance
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Proximity grouping nearby figures together
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Similarity grouping "similar" figures together
PRECEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Continuity Smooth-noncomplex, continuous, patterns and simple
PRECEPTUAL ORANIZATION Connectedness Uniformed/ linked - unit
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Closure Fill in gaps to create a complete whole object
Gate Control Theory Spinal coloumn contains a neutral gate that can be opened or closed. Open- Pain Closed-No pain Disproven
Binocular Cues Judging distant by nearby objects
Retinal Disparity Relative distance of different objects 3D
Moneculor Cues Available to each eye seperately- light & shadow effect
Perceptual Set Mental predispostion to preceive one thing but not the other
ESP Research Perception can occur apart from sensory input. Telepathy, clairovoyance, precognition
Sympathetic Fight or Flight
Para-sympathetic rest or digest
Opperational Differences "specific"
Mean Add scores and divide for average
Mode Most frequent occuring numbers
Median Middle score- if equal amount- add the two numbers together and divide by 2
Range Difference b/w highest and lowest scores
parts of the eye Pupil, lens, iris, cornea, retina, fovea-blindspot, optic nerve
Parts of the ear Hammer, Anvil, Cochlea, Eardrum, Stirrup, Oval Window
Created by: 733449646
 

 



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