| Question | Answer |
| Psychology began with...... | Philosophy |
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| Functionalism William James | Adopt mental process to survive "makes sense to do something" |
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| Current Defination of Psych | The science of mental procesess and behavior |
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| Correlation | -8.9 is still bigger than +3.2 - number shows strength |
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| Phernology | extremely popularized theory on reading bumps on head to finding personality keys (Suto Science- can't be proved or dis-proved) Very Vague Ghaul |
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| Autonomic | Involving things your body does... example, breathing/blinking/digestion/happen automatically/slow heart rate/pupils contract/kidney-liver function |
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| Scientific Method | 1. QUESTION 2. HYPOTHESIE 3. test 4. Result |
| Question- Can have Nature but not nurture | TRUE- CAN HAVE NATURE BUT NOT NURTURE |
| Websters Law | Just noticiable difference or differnce threshold |
| QUESTION- The rat is always right? | True- the rat is always right |
| Central Nervous System | Is Brain and Spinal cord |
| Adaptability | modify- adapt to conditions |
| The Nervous System | the bodies electrochemical communications circutary made up with billions of interconnecting cells |
| Bottom-up Processing | Begins with sensory receptors first time inforamation a person is not fam w/ |
| Top Down Processing | Higher levels of cognitive processing; information someone is fam w/ |
| Double Blind Procedure | Staff/participants are blind to who is receiving what |
| 4 basic sensation when dealing with touch | Pressure, Pain, Warmth, Cold |
| Proximity | General assumptions because of placement (teacher sits with students, someone walks in, thinks/assumes teacher is student) |
| Correlation Span | Spans from -1.0 to 1.0 |
| Critical Thinking | Smart thinking examines, assumptions discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and asses conclusions |
| hypothesis | Educated guess- testable predictions |
| Theory | explains intergated principles & organizes observations/predicts behavior or events |
| sampling Techniques | case study- survery- naturalistic Observation |
| Case study | examines 1 individ indepth |
| survey | many cases, less depth, people report |
| Naturalistics | recording innat. behavior- Jane Goodell |
| Correlations | Spans from -1.0 to + 1.0 Positive same direction (2 up arrows... 2 down arrows) Negative (1 up arrow, 1 down arrow, 1 down arrow, 1 up arrow) Correlation does not equal causation. Helps predict but doesnt verify |
| Independent / Dependent Vari | Independent cause Dependent Effect. Inn manipulated dep- may change in response to manipulation |
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| Experimental Design | 1 or more variables are manipulated |
| Double Blind | Both staff and participate are blind to who is receiving what |
| Myelin | Insulates axons of some nerons helps speed impulses - multiple scerosis lack of communication with muscles |
| Action Potential | Brief electrical charge that travels down its axon. Fired by nerons |
| Neural Communications | Neural Transmitters when action potential reaches the terimals at the axons end it triggers the release of chemical messenges. Cross synaptic gap & bind to receptors sites on receiving neurons |
| Reputake | Sending neuron reabsorbs extra neurotransmitters |
| (3) types of nerons | sensory, motor an interneurons |
| Frontal Lobes | Behind forehead the personality-muscle movements, making plans/judgements LEFT AND RIGHT |
| Parietal Lobes | (Top and to the rear) Sensory input for touch and body position |
| Occipital lobes | Back of head- receives information from the visual fields |
| Temporal Lobes | Roughly above the ears- Auditory areas |
| Nature VS Nurture | Nature biology & genetics Nurture- how you are shaped by your enviroment |
| Individualism VS Collectivness | ind. more self-centered; care more about yourself than the whole. Collectivism- giving priorites to goals of ones group & defining ones identity accordingly |
| Sensation | Receiving stimilus energy from external eniveronment- you use your senses "you can see it" |
| Perception | Organizing and Interpreting information to give it meaning "The way you see it" |
| Absolute Thresh hold | Minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect something 50 % of the time |
| Difference Threshold | minimum amount of difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time "Just noticable difference) |
| Types of Receptors | Cones and Rodes CONES- 6 mili daylight/well-lit conditions -colour RODS- 120 mili black and white and grey |
| Parelell Processing | Processing many aspects of a problem simulataneously- Natural mode of info process. like computers - step-by-step |
| Endorphins | "Morphin within" Natural Neurs transmitters- pain control & pleasure |
| Plasticity | Ability to change/modify after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
| Chromosomes | males give 23X Females give 23XY Child has 46. girl: XX Boy XY Composed of DNA- biochemical units that make chromosomes=genes |
| Mutation | random error in gene replication that leads to change |
| Gender | Is biologically 7 socially influenced characterists by which people define male and female- which do you feel like. Sex is how your born |
| Gender roles | what we assign to the sex.. Males hould be non-emotional and tough and girls should be nurturing and emotional |
| Gender Identity | Our sense of being male or female |
| Natural Selection | Survival of the fittest- Charles Darwin- in ordewr to survive you have to adapt. traits that lead to increased survival/reproduction will most likely be passed on. can be nature but not nuture |
| Sensory Adaption | Dulling of the senses after constant stimulation of something |
| characteristics of the senses | |
| Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another, Sight, smell, sounds into neutral impulses the brain can interpret |
| Vestibular sense | Sense of body movement and position including balance |
| PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Proximity | grouping nearby figures together |
| PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Similarity | grouping "similar" figures together |
| PRECEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Continuity | Smooth-noncomplex, continuous, patterns and simple |
| PRECEPTUAL ORANIZATION Connectedness | Uniformed/ linked - unit |
| PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Closure | Fill in gaps to create a complete whole object |
| Gate Control Theory | Spinal coloumn contains a neutral gate that can be opened or closed. Open- Pain Closed-No pain Disproven |
| Binocular Cues | Judging distant by nearby objects |
| Retinal Disparity | Relative distance of different objects 3D |
| Moneculor Cues | Available to each eye seperately- light & shadow effect |
| Perceptual Set | Mental predispostion to preceive one thing but not the other |
| ESP Research | Perception can occur apart from sensory input. Telepathy, clairovoyance, precognition |
| Sympathetic | Fight or Flight |
| Para-sympathetic | rest or digest |
| Opperational Differences | "specific" |
| Mean | Add scores and divide for average |
| Mode | Most frequent occuring numbers |
| Median | Middle score- if equal amount- add the two numbers together and divide by 2 |
| Range | Difference b/w highest and lowest scores |
| parts of the eye | Pupil, lens, iris, cornea, retina, fovea-blindspot, optic nerve |
| Parts of the ear | Hammer, Anvil, Cochlea, Eardrum, Stirrup, Oval Window |
