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Bio life processes
studystack for Mrs. Agar's biology students to use to study the life processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | Making new organisms of the same species that can breed fertile offspring |
| Respiration | Exchanging gasses with the environment |
| Regulaion | Sensing and responding to environmental stimuli |
| Excretion | The removal of metabolic waste from an organism; includes urinating, breathing, and sweating |
| Growth | Increasing in size or the number of cells of an organism |
| Nutririon | How an organism obtains energy from its Environment; includes Ingestion, Digestion, and Egestion |
| Ingestion | Taking in food/nourishment/nutrients |
| Digestion | The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food/nourishment/nutrients |
| Egestion | Elimination of waste leftover from digestion |
| Transport | The movement of essential elements and waste through an organism |
| Synthesis | Combining two or more simple elements to make a more complex compound |
| *Metabolism | All chemical reactions that sustain life. Not a Life Process, but universal to all living things. |
| *Homeostasis | Mantinance of internal balance, or a "steady state" within an organism. Not a Life Process, but universal to all living things. |
| evolution | the process of change over time- is a scientific theory |
| theory | pretty sure somethingis true but not entirely sure |
| fossils | remains of any organism.can be frozen,petrifyed in stone, traces petrified in stone, or preserved in sap and tar |
| jean lamark | created the false theory of use and disuse- whatever changes occured to you during your lifetime you passed onto your offspring |
| karl weisman | disproved lamarks theory of use and disuse |
| charles darwin | father of evoultion,thought up the theory when on a voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle |
| theory of natural selection | naturre determines which will live and which will die, consists of 4 aspects |
| overproduction | more offspring than nessasary will be produced, gaurenteeing the survival of some |
| variation | through reproduction. the more diversity the stronger a species. can be through genetic mutattion |
| competition | fighting for limited supply of food water mates territory and shelter. best adapted get best digs |
| survival of the fittest | those organisms best adapted will survive and reproduce.doesnt mean the biggest or strongest per say |
| isolation | leads to reproductive isolation, and new species come about this way |
| clatogram | a treelike diagram that shows evolutionary relationships |
| gradulism | the idea that change took place slowly over time |
| puncuated equilibrium | idea that there were long periiods of stability and short bursts of change when the environment changed |
| autotrophic | organisms that can produce food from within their bodies from inorganis things |
| inorganic | things that are composed of non living materials |
| organic | composed of living or once liviing materials |
| hetrotrophic | organism that needs to obtain food from their environment |
| hetrotrophic hypothesis | hetrotrophs w anareobic respiration- CO2- Autotrophs- O2- hetrotrophs with areobic respiration. as each evolved, it iinfluenced the outcome of the next |
| cambrian explosion | extremely sophisticated predator time period where all of a sudden,diverse life appeared |
| biodiversity | the variety of species living in an arrea. the more biodiversity there is in an ecosystem, the healthier said ecosystem is |
| levels of classification | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. |
| binomial nomenclature | the namiing of organisms scientificially,with genus name first,species second. 1st letter of genus in caps, rest is all lowercase |
| the three domains | Archea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
| Archea | live in extreme conditions, most primitaive, and are prokaryotic |
| bacteria | moneran:-has two phyla; eubacteria and blue-green algae -prokaryotic |
| Eukarya | protista, fungi, animalia, and plantae |
| protista | unicellular and colonial, both animal like and plantlike, auto and hetrortophic |
| fungi | multicellular, hetrotrophic, non-motile, sessile |
| animalia | multicelular, hetrotrophic, and motile. |
| Plantae | multicellular, autotrophic |
| Aristotle | first to classify things by land, sea, and air. scientific names were descriptions of organism |
| Linnaeus | the Mac Daddy of classification. he created the 5 kingdoms and levels of classification. also created the binomial nomenclature (2-part) naming system |
| biochemistry | the study of elements and compounds in an organism |
| Element | most basic form of any pure material |
| compound | combo of 2 or more elements. many elements remail bounded to others as compounds on earth |
| monomer | single subunit. many can be joined to make larger molecules |
| polmer | long chain of 3 or more monomers |
| marconutrienrs | thinigs we need lots of ex carbon hydrogen nitrogen |
| micronutrients | things we need in small amounts/ cant handle in large amounts |
| organic compound | compound made byliving organisms, always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H).usually but not always oxygen O2 |
| dehydration synthesis | the comnininig of simple molecules into complex molecules by the removal of water |
| hydrolysis | enzyme controlled breakdown of large complex molecules into small soluable molecules by the addition of H2O |
| catalyst | chemical that speeds up chemicfal reactions without being changed by that reaction. aka protien catalyst |
| enzyme | protien catalyst, |
| protien catalyst | same thing as an enzyme |
| substsrate | molecules the enzime is working on |
| product | the molecules crerated by the enzyme. enzymes can join or split |
| denature | extreme contitions can cause enzymes to do this,or change shape. as a result they cannot function properly. too high temp and too high or low of a ph will denature.too low temp will just slow enzyme rate reaction |
| cell theory | 1. the cell is the basic unit of structure and function 2. all organisms are made of one or more cells 3. all cells come from prexisting cells |
| exceptions to the cell theory | 1. virusus- they have dna or rna inside a protien shell.cant reproduce on their own 2. mitochondia and chlorolplast have thier own dna and can be reprod inside a cell 3. obviously the first cell |
| Theodore Schwan | stated that all animals are made of cells |
| Matthais Schleiden | stated all oplants made of cells |
| Rudolph Virchow | stated that all cells came from prexisting cells |
| Prokaryotic cells | first and most primitive cells that lack a nucleaus and other membrane bound organells. Only bacteria |
| Eukaryotic cells | most have organelles. genetic material contained in a nucleaus. have many membrane bound organelles |
Created by:
mewilliamson
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