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Symbiosis Exam 1
Definitions from material covered in exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Obligate symbiosis? | An organisms that is highly adapted to a host. |
| Faculative symbiosis? | An organisms is not strictly dependent on a host. |
| Commensalism? | One benefits and the other(host) is not affected positively or negatively. |
| Mutualism? | Both organisms benefit. |
| Parasitism? | One benefits, the other(host) is affected negatively. |
| What did Heinrich Antoine De Bary say about symbiosis? | “ The living together of different species |
| Autogenous theory | The plasma membrane folds in on itself to create new organelles. |
| Endosymbiotic Theory(SET) | Organisms are engulfed and then are incorporated in the cell over time. |
| Hydrogen Theory | Host produces methane, which the future mitochondrion consumes to produce H2 and CO2. |
| Syntrophy Theory | Similar to hydrogen except it in an ancestral sulfate-respiring protobacterium. |
| What effects the ability of a symbiont? | Fitness and reproduction. |
| Commensalism types? | Phoresy, Inquilinism, Metabiosis. |
| Phoresy? | One organisms attached to another for transport. Can be obligate of faculative. |
| Inquilinism? | Host is used for housing. |
| Metabiosis? | Second uses something the first created after is it dead(hermit crab. |
| Define Intrinsic. | Health and/or physical conditions, age, size may hinder commensal relationships. |
| Define Extrinsic. | Environment or local assemblage or species may hinder commensal relationships. |
| Antagonistic Interactions. | Parasitism. Most common. Decreases host's ability to survive. |
| Endoparasites and ectoparasites are both? | Biotrophs. |
| Epiparasites are? | Parasites that fed on other parasites. Parasitoid. |
| Facultative life cycle. | Does not absolutly depend on the parasitic way of life(adapting). |
| Obligate life cycle. | Organisms is completely dependent on the host. |
| Definitive host? | Where the parasite grows and becomes sexually mature. |
| Intermediate host? | Needed for part of the life cycle, but not where sexual maturation occures. Not necessary for parasite survival. |
| Paratenic host? | Transfer host with no parasitic development occurring, not necessary for survival. |
| Vector host? | Arthropods that are carriers to definitely host. |
| Reservoir host? | Animal that harbors an infection, that can be transmitted to humans. |
| Monoxenic life cycle? | The ability for a parasite to use only one host for the duration of its life. Extremely strict. |
| Heteroxenic life cycle? | More than 1 intermediate host for life cycle completion. |
| Passive parasite movement is? | Accidental uptake of eggs/larvae. |
| Active parasite locomotion is? | Penetration of the host and possible migration within the host. |
| Trophic Transmissions or parasites is? | Close physical contact. |
| Obligate Mutalism? | One individual cannot live or grow without the other. |
| Facultative Mutalism? | Both organisms do better with the mutualist, but can survive without. |
| Ectomycorrhizae? | all families of vascular plants. Mutualistic relationship with N-fixing bacteria. |
| What are cheaters? | Exploit an existing relationship without reciprocating. Using mimicking, camouflage, fruivores, nectarivores. |
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