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HS Biology Unit 5

science

QuestionAnswer
acquired characteristic a characteristic that is not passed from one generation to the next in the genes but instead is acquired during the lifetime of an individual Example: suntan
base pairs a component of DNA; four chemicals form pairs to make up the large molecule DNA; the pairs are adenine-thymine (A-T) and cytosine-guanine (C-G)
chromosome a twisted and coiled strand of DNA within the nucleus that carries the codes for reproductive traits such as eye and hair color
cross to mate two plants or animals to produce another generation
DNA the strands of genetic material that determine traits of daughter cells (DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid)
dominant gene a gene in a gene pair that is always expressed
environmental effect factors in the environment of an organism that limit the full expression of a gene
gene the unit of DNA that determines a specific hereditary trait in an organism; genes come in pairs
genetics the science of heredity; the study of how traits are passed from parent(s) to the offspring
Gregor Mendel an Austrian monk whose work became the basis of genetic theory
heredity the transfer of traits from parents to their offspring
heterozygous when both genes from a homologous pair are different
homologous pairs two similar chromosomes; one from the mother and one from the father
homozygous when both genes from a homologous pair are identical
hybrid an organism that is the offspring of two similar organisms that are not the same species Example: a horse and a donkey can breed to produce a mule
Punnett square a chart used to predict the proportion of offspring that will have a certain trait when two organisms are crossed
recessive gene a gene in a gene pair that is not expressed when paired with a dominant gene
trait a characteristic of an organism Examples: eye color, hair color, height
Created by: 100001299906553
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