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Biology Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of Life | !. Grow and Develop 2. made of cells 3. adapt/respond 4. obtain and use energy 5. reproduce 6. dna 7. evolve 8. maintain homeostasis |
| inductive reasoning | specific to general |
| deductive reasoning | general to specific |
| domain archae | kingdom archae bacteria |
| domain bacteria | kingdom eubacteria |
| domain eukarya | kingdoms protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia |
| capsid | protein coat surrounding virus |
| capsomeres | protein sub units in capsid |
| viral envelope | derived form host cell membrane, has glycoproteins that bind to receptor molecules on host cell |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bateria |
| how an enveloped virus enters host cell | by fusion or endocytosis |
| lytic cycle | virus uses cell for productions of more viruses, then kills it |
| lysogenic cycle | virus dna becomes part of host cell dna, cell lives but virus dna is produced during cell dna replication |
| reverse transcriptase | enzyme used in retroviruses to change virus rna to dna |
| central dogma | dna to rna to protein |
| prokaryotic kingdoms | archaebacteria and eubacteria |
| eukaryotic kingdoms | protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia |
| cell walls made of peptidoglycan | eubacteria |
| cells walls NOT made from peptidoglycan | archaebacteria |
| cells walls made of chitin | fungi |
| cell walls made of cellulose | plantae |
| never has cell walls | animalia |
| positive gram stain reaction | purple= cells walls of peptidoglycan |
| negative gram stain reaction | pink= thinner peptidoglycan layer enclosed in two membranes with lipids, make it hard for antibiotics to kill bacteria |
| plasmids | separate sections of dna from main chromosome |
| prokaryotic reproduction | asexual- binary fission |
| capsule | outer layer of bacteria outside of cell wall, protects it |
| endospore | wall formed around bacteria dna, bacterial "hibernation" |
| biofilm | bacteria that join together and communicate with one another |
| transformation | bacteria takes dna from its surroundings |
| transduction | bacteria uses a viral vector to transfer dna from one to the other |
| conjugation | "bacterial sex" two bacteria exchange dna, no offspring produced |
| photo-autotroph | uses light and CO2 |
| chemo-autotroph | uses inorganic chemicals and CO2 |
| photo-heterotroph | uses light and organic compounds |
| chemo-heterotroph | uses just organic compounds |
| obligate aerobes | have to have oxygen |
| facultative anaerobes | prefer oxygen, but can also ferment |
| obligate anaerobes | only ferment |
| protozoans | animal-like protists, ingestive |
| algae | plant-like protists, photosynthetic |
| slime molds | fungus-like protists, absorptive |
| hyphae | body filaments of fungi, network of hyphae= mycelium |
| yeast | unicellular fungi, produce asexually by budding |
Created by:
bootoo
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