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Ch. 2 Cells, water
General Biology Science for Life 3rd Edition Belk&Maier
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All of the physical and chemical reactions that produce and use energy | Metabolism |
| The steady state condition an organism works to maintain | Homeostasis |
| Substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance | Elements |
| The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element | Atom |
| A positively charged subatomic particle | Protons |
| An electrically neutral partical fond in the nucleus of an atom | Neutron |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle | Electron |
| The number of protons in the nucleusof an atom. Unique to each element, this number is designated by a subscript to the left of the symbol for the element | Atomic Number |
| Electrically charged atom | Ion |
| Desctibes a molecule with regions having different charges; capable of ionizing | Polar |
| The tendency to attract electrons to form a chemical bond. | Electronegative |
| Won't disolve in water. Hydrophobic. | Nonpolar |
| A process by which one or more chemical substances is transformed into one or more different chemical substances | Chemical Reaction |
| Any starting material in a chemical reactions | Reactant |
| A type of weak chemical bond in which a hydrogen aton of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another molecule | Hydrogen Bond |
| Readily dissolving in water | Hydrophilic |
| A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution | Acid |
| A substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution | Base |
| A logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration ranging from 0-14. Lower numbers indicate higher hydrogen ion concentrations | pH |
| Not able to dissolve in water | Hydrophobic |
| The chemistry of carbon-containing substances | Organic Chemistry |
| The outer most energy shell of an atom containing the valence electrons which are most involved in the chemical reactions of the atom. | Valence Shell |
| A type of strong chemical bond in which two atom share electrons. | Covalent Bond |
| A compound consisting of carbons and hydrogens. | Hydrocarbon |
| Any of the large molecules including polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids, composted of subunits joined by dehydration synthesis. | Macromolecule |
| Energy-rich molecule that is the major source of energy for the cell. Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio CH20(2 is subscript) | Carbohydrate |
| A carbohydrate composed of 3 or more monosaccharides. | Polysaccharide |
| Monomer subunit of a protein. Contains an amino, a carboxyl, and a unique side group. | Amino Acid |
| Covalent bond that joins the amino group and carboxyl group of adjacent amino acids | Peptide Bond |
| Hydrophobic molecule including fats, phospholipids and steriods. | Lipid |
| Energy rich, hydrophobic lipid molecule composed of a three carbon glycerol skeleton bonded to three fatty acids. | Fat |
| Naturally occurring or synthetic organic fat-solure substance that produces physiologic effects. | Steriod |
| One of three types of lipids, components of cell membranes. | Phospholipids |
| Molecule of heredity that srotes the information required for making all of the proteins required by the cell. | Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA) |
| Nirogenous base in DNA, a purine | Adenine(A) |
| Nitrogenous base in DNA, a purine | Guanine(G) |
| Nitrogenous base in DNA, a pyrimidine | Thymine(T) |
| Nitrogenous base in DNA, a pyrimidine | Cytosine(C) |
| Structures composed of 2-rings. A | Purine |
| Single-ring structure. C | Pyrimidine |
| Basic unit of life, an organism's fundamental building block units | Cell |
| Type of cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles | Prokaryote |
| Cell structure that houses DNA;found in eukaryotes | Nucleus |
| Cell that has a nucleus and membrane bounded organelles. | Eukaryote |
| Subcellular structure found in the cytoplasm of eudaryotic cells that performs a specific job | Organelle |
| Structure that encloses a cell, defining the cell's outer boundry | Plasma Membrane |
| The accepted model for how membranes are structured with proteins bobbing in a sea of phospholipids | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| The entire contents of the cell(except the nucleus) surrounded by the plasma membrane | Cytoplasm |
| Organelles in which products of the digestive system are converted to ATP | Mitochondria |
| An organelle found in plant cells that absorbs sunlight and uses the energy derived to produce sugars | Chloroplasts |
| Ribosome studded subcellular membranes found in cytoplasm and responsible for some protein synthesis | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The subcellular, sytoplasmic membrane system responsible for lipid and steroid biosynthesis. | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of flattened membranous sacs that modify and sort proteins and other substances | Golgi Apparatus |
| Simple sugar ring(Glucose) | Monosaccharide |
| A double sugar consisting of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic linkage | Disaccharide |
| A long acidic chain of hydrocarbons bonded to glycerol. These vary on the basis of their length and on the number and placement of double bonds. | Fatty Acid |
| A substance, such as water, that a solute is dissolved in to make a solution | Solvent |
| A pairs with T; G pairs with C; the width of helix is uniform, no bulges or dimples. | Base-Pairing Rule |
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