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GRCC B121 Chapt 2
BI 121 Chapter 2- chemistry quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Heirachy: Matter > ____________ >atom/element > compound, molecule, & mixture | s.a particles |
| Chemical Heirachy: _______ > s.a. particles > atom/element > compound, molecule, and mixtures. | Matter |
| Chemical Heirachy: Matter > s.a. Particles > atom/element > ____, _____, _______ | Compound, molecule, and mixture |
| Chemical Heirachy: matter > s.a. particles > ____/______, compound, molecule, and mixtures. | atom/element |
| Examples of Chemical Heirachy: Matter > s.a. particles > atom/element, molecule, and mixtures. | electrons, neutrons, quarks, etc. |
| Nucleas | Contains protons and nuetrons |
| Protons | Positive charge |
| Neutrons | Neutral - no charge |
| Electrons | Negative charge |
| Valence shell | The outermost shell/energy level of an atom |
| contains Chemically reactive electrons | Valence shell |
| What happens if a valence shell is not filled with electrons? | It will form bonds with other atoms |
| Antyhing that occupies space and has mass | Matter |
| Atom | Smallest unit of matter that retains properties of an element. |
| A substance that can't be broken down into other substances (normally) | Element |
| A group of 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond | Molecule. |
| Molecule containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio | compound |
| Compound | CHO, NaCL, and H20 are example of what? |
| What is a mixture? | This contains 2 or more ELEMENTS mixed in varying ratios. Bonds may not form |
| homogenous | something of the same genetic structure. |
| A liquid homogenous mixture of 2 or more elements | solution |
| Number of protons equals | Atomic number. |
| Atomic number | Number of protons is this. It is the same for all atoms of a particular element and unique for each element. |
| The sum of protons and neutrons | Atomic Mass/Weight (AKA Mass number) |
| A variant form of an element...an element that contains a variant number of neutrons. | Isotopes |
| Example of an Isotope | 12C 13C 14C |
| Radioactive isotope (radioisotope) | Isotope with an unstable nucleus. |
| An Isotope with an unstable nucleus, decays and emits energy and particles. | Radioactive isotope (radioisotope) |
| Radioactive isotope (radioisotope) | Have the same atomic number and function the same metabolically as a regular isotopes. |
| An atom that has gained or lost an electron. | Ion |
| Ion's | These atoms gained or lost an electron, therefore are either (-) or (+). |
| Examples of Ion's | Na+ or Cl- |
| Chemical reactions involved in making or breaking a bond. | Atomic bonding |
| Atomic Bonding- making or breaking a bond | Atoms attempt to fill their outer shells/orbits with the Max number of electrons possible. |
| Rule of eights | Octet Rule |
| Octet Rule | Rule of eights- where atoms are reactive until they have 8 electrons in their valence shell, therefore form bonds. |
| When atoms have filled valence shells they are considered... | stable or inert, there fore will not form chemical bonds. |
| Atoms with filled valence shells are considered stable or inert, there fore | can not form chemical bonds. |
| Examples of stable or inert atoms | He or Ar |
| Electrons are accepted or donated | Ionic bonds |
| Nacl | Example of an Ionic bond - electrons are accepted or donated. |
| Electron pairs are shared | Covalent bonds |
| Examples of covalent bonds | H2 = H-H (I pair shared) O2 = O -O (2 pairs shared) N2 = N - N (3 pairs shared) |
| Covalent bond- Non Polar | Both atoms exert equal pull on the shared electrons (e.g. H2) |
| Covalent Bond - Polar | One atom exerts more pull on the shared electrons due to its extra protons (e.g. H2O : H-O-H) |
| Slightly positive (+) H in H2O+ forms a weak bond with other molecules. No electrons are actually shared | Hydrogen bonds |
| Examples of Hydrogen Bonds | Bonding in water, tertiary structure in protein or other polar bonds involving H. |
| Bond that Share electrons equally | covalent non-polar bond |
| Bond that does not share electrons equally. | covalent polar bond |
| Reactant | Chemical being changed by a reaction. Na + Cl =NaCl |
| Products | Chemicals produced by a reaction.Na + Cl =NaCl |
| Chemical Reaction: Synthesis | Production of a MORE COMPLEX molecule than either of the reactants. Na + Cl = NaCl |
| Product is a LESS COMPLEX molecule than either reactant...NaCl = Na(+) + Cl(-) | Decomposition |
| Exchange Reaction | Involves both synthesis and decomposition. |
| Products can change back to the reactions & vice versa... NaCl = Na(+) + Cl(-) or Na(+) + CL(-) = NaCl | Reversible Reaction |
| Catalyst | Molecule that increases the rate of reaction but is not consumed by it. |
| pH | Potential Hydrogen |
| Substances that release ions in water | Electrolytes |
| Example of electrolyte | NaCl + H2O = Na(+) + Cl(-) + H2O |
| Electrolytes that RELEASES H(+)ions | Acid |
| Examples of Acid | HCl |
| Electrolytes that accepts H(+) ions | Base (alkali) |
| Examples of Base (alkali) | NaOH |
| Electrolyte formed by the reaction of a acid and a base | Salt |
| Examples of salt | HCl + NaOH = H20 + NaCl |
| Substances that resist changes in pH by accepting or donating H(+) ions | Buffer |
| Measurement of the H(+) ion concentration. | Ph Scale |
| 0-14: each unit a 10x change | Ph scale |
| Solution is made up of? | Solvents and solutes |
| Solvent | The dissolving agent |
| Solutes | The substance that is dissolved. |
Created by:
Wends1984
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