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Biology Chapter 4 -

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QuestionAnswer
phospholipids main component of membranes
polar "head" likes water; on the outside
non-polar "tail" likes oily substances; point in toward each other
lipid bilayer the two layers phospholipids arrange themselves in
fluid mosaic membrane components float in the membrane
channel proteins let some compounds diffuse in and out of cell (no energy needed)
carrier proteins pump some compounds in and out of cells
glycoproteins cell recognition
receptor proteins cell communication
enzymatic proteins carry out reactions inside and outside of cell
cholesterol makes membranes stiffer
differentially permeable membranes only let certain things in or out
diffusion movement of molecules from high concentration to a lower concentration
osmosis movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
isotonic same concentration inside membrane as outside
hypertonic higher concentration outside membrane than inside
hypotonic lower concentration outside membrane than inside
hemolysis red blood cells in a hypotonic solution; water rushes in to dilute the cell contents; cell explodes
crenation red blood cells in a hypertonic solution; water rushes out to dilute solution; cell shrivels
osmotic pressure pressure produced by the force of particles rushing in or out
facilitated transport works with the concentration gradient; no ATP required
active transport works against the concentration gradient; must burn ATP; important for maintaining charge separations in nerve cells
Created by: chelsea_2010
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