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History of Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microbiology | science or study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| Organisms | microorganisms or microbes |
| Microorganisms | Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic |
| Eukaryotic | Protozoa, algae, fungi, multi cellular parasites, us |
| Prokaryotic | Bacteria (no nucleus) and archaea |
| Living organisms | Cellular |
| In 6000 BC humans used microorganisms for... | food preservation/processing and fermentation to make beer, wine, yogurt, and cheese. |
| In 1674-1676 Antone Van Leeuwenhoek | *Made crude microscopes (266x magnification) *Observed live microorganisms *Documented his findings (letters and drawings) to British Royal Society *Father of Microbiology |
| Abiogenesis | Spontaneous generation- belief that living organisms could and did arise from nonliving material. |
| 1665 Francesco Redi | disapproved abiogenesis at macroscopic level with meat in containers. |
| 1766 Lazzaro Spallazani | disapproved abiogenesis of microbes using broth sealed in glass containers. |
| 1830 Schwann and Schultz | disapproved abiogenesis of microbes. |
| 1860s Louis Pasteur | *Disapproved abiogenesis of microbes using odd shaped containers. *Chemist, but some called "Father of Micro" *Filtered air with gun cotton and saw microbes on the filter *hired by French wine industry to find out what causes spoilage in wine. |
| Biogenesis | living organisms rise to other living organisms |
| "Ferments" | enzymes made by microorganisms-> microbes ferment |
| Pasteurization | heating treatment to kill unwanted microbes by Louis Pasteur |
| John Tyndall | used heat to control microbes with a process called Tyndallization |
| Tyndallization | alternating boiling and cooling over a 3 day period (fractional sterilization) to kill microbes |
| Germ Theory | Idea that living organisms could cause disease |
| 1546 Girolam Fracastoro | suggested disease had a specific cause |
| 1860s Joseph Lister | *developed antiseptic technique= wash hands and instruments between patients *used phenol (carbonic acid) during surgery *developed pure bacterial cultures |
| Igniz P Semmelweis | also recommend hand washing |
| 1876 Robert Koch | developed a series of experimental steps used to demonstrate specific microbes caused disease= Koch's Postulates |
| Koch's Postulates | Finding causative agents in every case of a disease 1) grow microbe in PURE culture 2)inoculate healthy susceptible animal 3)Look for same disease symptoms 4)Reisolate same microbial agents |
| Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae |
| Richard J. Petri | petri dish |
| Fanny Hess | developed agar in media solidifying agent that bacteria won't eat |
| Hans Christian Gram | developed Gram Stain |
| Immunization | in part developed by Louis Pasteur- He inoculated chickens. The cultures he used were old-attenuated (weak) microbial culture. The ones that had the old (fine) and new (died). Allowed for immunity. |
| Attenuated microbial culture | Vaccines |
| Edward Jenner | used fluid from cowpox pustules to prevent small pox--> vaccination vacca= cow |
| Paul Ehrlich 1900 | chemist- "magic bullet" concept Salvarson to treat syphilis |
| Alexander Flemming 1928 | discovered penicillin |
Created by:
tarabain
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