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Biology Chapter 3 -

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QuestionAnswer
plasma membrane separates the cell from the environment
cytoplasm internal cellular material
prokaryotic cells no organelles, do not have a true nucleus
eukaryotic cells contain organelles, have a true nucleus
nuclear envelope double membrane, surrounds nuclear material
nuclear pores let selected large molecules in and out of the nucleus
organelles endoplasmic reticulum (ER), golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transport canals within the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ribosomes attached to the canal, process proteins for export
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) wrap, process and transport various substances, different functions in different cells
golgi apparatus shaped like stacked pancakes, modifies and packages proteins
glycoproteins adds sugars
lipoproteins adds lipids
vacuoles storage "bubbles"; holds things like fat, water, air, food, etc.
lysozomes store potent digestive materials
chloroplasts site of photosynthesis
thylacoid membrane pancake-shaped folds give high surface area; completely encloses inner space
stroma space outside the membrane
thylacoid space space inside the membrane
granna stacks of thylacoids
mitochondria final steps in converting food to available energy (ATP)
cristae membrane folds in mitochondria (large surface area); completely encloses the inner matrix
matrix area inside membrane folds
cell wall plant cells only; gives the cells the rigidity they need
cytoskeleton protein scaffolding that occurs in the cytoplasm; holds organelles in place, responsible for movement within the cell, maintains the cell's shape
microtubules small hollow cylinders that maintain the shape of the cell, act as tracks along which organelles can move, and separate chromosomes in cell division
action filaments extremely thin fibers that occur under the plasma membrane
intermediate filaments in between size; support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane
all cells have plasma membrane and cytoplasm
Created by: chelsea_2010
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