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Bio Chaper 5
terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | the science of classification according to the inferred (presumed) relationships among organisms |
| binomial nomenclature | a method of naming organisms by using two names-the genus name and the species name. scientific names are italicized. |
| genus | the first part of binomial name; a genus includes several species |
| species | a group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring |
| taxa | categories used to classify organisms |
| protista | a kingdom originally proposed for all unicellular organisms such as the amoeba. more recently, multicellular algae have been added to the kingdom |
| monera | in a five-kingdom systema,a kingdom that includes organisms that lack a true nucleus |
| Archaebacteria | in a six-kingdom system, a kingdom consisting of prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from eubacteria that possess a cell wall not containing peptidoglycan and that live in harsh environments such as salt lakes and thermal vents |
| Eubacteria | in a six-kingdomsystem, a kingdom consisting of prokaryotic microorganisims that possess a peptidoglyncan cell wall |
| phylogeny | the history of the evolution of a species or a group oforganisms |
| paleontology | the study of fossils |
| radiometric dating | a technique used to determine the age of a rock or fossil |
| biogeography | the study of the geographic distribution of life on earth |
| endemic | a term used to describe a species that is found one location only |
| homologous features | features with similar structures but different functions |
| analogous features | features that are similar in apperance and functions,but do not appear to have the same evolutionary origin |
| vestigial features | rudimentary structures with no useful function |
| DNA | the molecule that makes up genetic material |
| Gene | a segment of DNA that performs a specific function, such as coding for a particular protein |
| artificial selection | the process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with the desired traits |
| breeder | plant and animal breeders use artificial selection to modify crops and livestock to have traits that are useful for humans. breeders may work at universities,colleges,corations,or directly in agricultural production |
| spontaneous generation | the belief that living things arose from non-living matter |
| inheritance of acquired characteristics | the false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life of an individual |
| natural selection | the result of different reproductive success of individuals caused by variation in their inherited characteristics |
| mutation | a change in the DNA sequence in a chromosome |
| neutral mutation | a mutaion that has no effect on the organism |
| fitness | an organism's reproductive success |
| harmful mutation | a mutationthat enhances an organism's fitness |
| beneficial mutation | a mutation that enchances an organism's fitness |
| asexual reproduction | the production of offspring from a single parent; offspring inherit the genes of that parent only |
| siblings | offspring from the same parent(in asexual reproduction) or parents (in sexual reproduction) |
| sexual reproduction | the production of offspring by the union of sex cells from two different parents;the offspring inherit a comnination of genes from both parents |
| gene pool | all the gene in acertain population |
| speciation | the information of new species |
| allopatric speciation | speciation by reproductive isolation |
| theory of gradualism | the idea that speciation takes place slowly the idea that speciation takes place slowly |
| theory of punctuated equilibrium | the idea that species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change |
| divergent evolution | evolution into many different species |
Created by:
texas_cf
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