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TAKS flashcards
science note cards
| Science word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hypothesis | a prediction to a question; something that is tested in an experiment |
| Conclusion | comparing collected data to your hypothesis |
| Variable | the things that change during an experiment |
| Dependent Variable | responding variable; what we see or measure in the experiment to see if it changes |
| Independent Variable | manipulated variable; the variable that is being tested and is changed by the scientist |
| Controlled Variable | constant; things that are kept the same in each trial of the experiment |
| Graphs | make data easier to read and compare |
| Pie Graph | shows percentages; compares parts of the whole |
| Line Graph | shows continuous change; a change of one variable |
| Bar Graph | compares 2 measured varibles |
| Model | a description or representation of something not directly observed; |
| Limitation of the Model | something that is lacking in the model that is present in the real thing; a difference between the model and the real thing |
| Cell | the basic unit of ALL living things |
| Unicellular | organisms made up of only one cell |
| Multicellular | organisms made up of many cells |
| Similarities between plant and animal cells | nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane |
| Differences between plant and animal cells | plants have cell walls for protection and chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis |
| Nucleus | the control center of the cell that holds the DNA |
| Mitochondria | breaks down sugar to release energy for the cell |
| Chloroplasts | contains chlorphyll that traps sunlight for photosynthesis |
| Respiratory system | takes in oxygen and releses carbon dioxide |
| Circulatory System | delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body and gets rid of waste |
| Digestive System | breaks down food and given the energy to the body |
| Excretory system | gets rid of wastes from the body |
| Muscular System | relax and contract for movement |
| Nervous System | sends and recieves messeges to the entire body; processess information from the outside environment |
| Reproductive System | creates offspring |
| Skeletal System | provides support for the body |
| Equilibrium | homeostasis; the process of keeping the internal environment stable |
| Feedback Mechanism | the response of an organism to a given change to maintain equilibrium; Ex. Sweating/shivering to maintain body temp., pancreas releasing insulin to maintain sugar levels |
| Adaptation | a genetic trait that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| Organisms that are adapted to their environment are able to | survie and reproduce |
| Extinction | the loss of an entire species |
| Genes | pieces of DNA that carry traits from parents to offspring |
| Sex cells | sperm and egg; carry the genes from parent to the offspring |
| Sexual reproduction | both parents pass of genes to their offspring; half of the offspring's genes come from mom, and half come from dad |
| Dominant allele | if that form of the allele is present, then that trait shows up; written as CAPITAL LETTERS (PP or pp) |
| Recessive allele | gets covered up by the dominant allele; written as lowercase letters (pp) |
| Punnent Square | a table showing all the possible combinations of alleles for a trait in a genetic cross; used to show the probability of getting traits |
| Ecosystem | all the living and nonliving parts of an environment |
| Habitat | the specific place where an organism lives |
| Biotic | the living things in an ecosystem |
| Abiotic | the nonliving things in an environment |
| Photosynthesis | the process that plants use to change energy from sunlight into chemical energy |
| The sugar produced by photosynthesis provides all of the energy for the ecosystem | |
| Food chain | shows how energy passes from one organism to another |
| Producer | organisms that can make their own food |
| Consumer | an organism that must consume something else for energy |
| Herbavore | animals that eat only plants |
| Carnivore | animals that eat only other animals |
| Omnivores | animals that eat both plants and animals |
| Decomposers | feed on dead plants and animals, releases chemical energy and nutrients back into the environment |
| Food web | shows energy tranfer in the entire ecosysytem; overlapping food chains |
| Succession | the rebuilding of populations in a community or ecosysytem that has been changed (after floods, fires, or other natural disasters) |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Solid | atoms are arranged very orderly; has a definite shape and volume |
| Liquid | atoms are loosely held together; has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| Gas | atoms are very far apart and moving around very quickly; has no definite shape or volume |
| Atoms | the building of all matte; made of protons(+), neutrons(0), and electrons(-) |
| Element | a substance that contains only one type of atom |
| Moecuole | two or more atoms joined together |
| Periodic table | a table of all elements arranged in order of incresing atomic numbers |
| Groups/families | vertical columns of the periodic table; elements in the same family has similar properties |
| Periods | horizontal rows of the periodic table |
| Parts of an atom | Nucleus(protons and neutrons), electron shells |
| Atomic number | number of protons or electrons(in a neutral atom) |
| Neutral | no charge, an atom is neutral when P+=E- |
| Atomic mass | protons+neutrons |
| Metals | most elements on the periodic table;good conductors, shiny, solid, hard, malleable, ductile |
| Nonmetals | on right side of the periodic table; gases and liqids, not good conductors, not shiny, |
| metalloids | in between the metals and nonmetals; has properties of metals and nonmetals |
| Specific Heat | how much energy it takes to raise the tempuratur eof a substance |
| high specific heat | A substance that takes a lot of energy and a long time to heat up |
| low specific heat | a substance that takes very little energy and a short time to heat up |
| compound | a molecule made of two or more different elements |
| mixtures | a combonation of 2 or more pure substances |
| physical property | a physical trait tha can be observed without changing the substance into something else(ex. Boiling point, mass, size, color, density, malleability) |
| chemical property | charicteristics of a substance that are observed when it reacts with another substance(ex. Reactivity, flammability, rust/tarnish) |
| chemical formula | shows the numbers and types of atoms in one molecule of a compound(ex. H2O,CO2) |
| Chemical Equation | shows what happens in a chemical reaction using chemical formulas |
| reactants | on the right side of a chemical equation, shows what goes into the reaction |
| products | on the left side of a chemical equation, shows what comes out of a chemical reaction |
| balanced chemical equation | has the same number of atoms on both sides of the reaction arrow |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| chemical energy | energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms in molecules |
| photosynthesis | plants convert light energy into chemical energy |
| electrical energy | a flow of electrons(current) through a conductor |
| energy transformations | energy is converted from one form to another |
| sound | waves created by vibration objects; must have a medium to travel through |
| vacuum | a space that has little or no matter |
| kinetic energy | the energy that an object has do to its motion |
| potential energy | stored energy due to an objects position |
| the more force an object has | the ahrder it hits/the faster it goes |
| force | a push or pull that may change motion; measured in Newton's |
| Motion | the change in position of an object |
| unbalanced force | forces are unequal and cause a change in motion |
| balanced force | forces are equal and cause a change in motion |
| force=mass X Acceleration | |
| friction | a force that resists motion |
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pattia6643
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